In this work, we describe the first Leishmania-infecting leishbunyavirus-the first virus other than Leishmania RNA virus (LRV) found in trypanosomatid parasites. Its host is Leishmaniamartiniquensis, a human pathogen causing infections with a wide range of manifestations from asymptomatic to severe visceral disease. This virus (LmarLBV1) possesses many characteristic features of leishbunyaviruses, such as tripartite organization of its RNA genome, with ORFs encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, surface glycoprotein, and nucleoprotein on L, M, and S segments, respectively. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest that LmarLBV1 originated from leishbunyaviruses of monoxenous trypanosomatids and, probably, is a result of genomic re-assortment. The LmarLBV1 facilitates parasites' infectivity in vitro in primary murine macrophages model. The discovery of a virus in L.martiniquensis poses the question of whether it influences pathogenicity of this parasite in vivo, similarly to the LRV in other Leishmania species.

Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University 60177 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Parasitology Faculty of Science Charles University 12844 Prague Czech Republic

Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences Faculty of Health and Medicine Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YE UK

Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Protistology Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences St Petersburg 199034 Russia

Laboratory of electron microscopy Veterinary Research Institute 62100 Brno Czech Republic

Life Science Research Centre Faculty of Science University of Ostrava 71000 Ostrava Czech Republic

Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology Sechenov University Moscow 119435 Russia

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