Neovascularization and angiogenesis are vital processes in the repair of damaged tissue, creating new blood vessel networks and increasing oxygen and nutrient supply for regeneration. The importance of Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ASCs) contained in the adipose tissue surrounding blood vessel networks to these processes remains unknown and the exact mechanisms responsible for directing adipogenic cell fate remain to be discovered. As adipose tissue contains a heterogenous population of partially differentiated cells of adipocyte lineage; tissue repair, angiogenesis and neovascularization may be closely linked to the function of ASCs in a complex relationship. This review aims to investigate the link between ASCs and angiogenesis/neovascularization, with references to current studies. The molecular mechanisms of these processes, as well as ASC differentiation and proliferation are described in detail. ASCs may differentiate into endothelial cells during neovascularization; however, recent clinical trials have suggested that ASCs may also stimulate angiogenesis and neovascularization indirectly through the release of paracrine factors.

Department of Anatomy Poznan University of Medical Sciences 60 781 Poznan Poland

Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Poznan University of Medical Sciences 61 848 Poznań Poland

Department of Histology and Embryology Poznan University of Medical Sciences 60 781 Poznan Poland

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital and Masaryk University 601 77 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology Dental Research Division University of Guarulhos São Paulo 07023 070 Brazil

Department of Vascular Endovascular Surgery Angiology and Phlebology Poznan University of Medical Sciences 61 701 Poznan Poland

Department of Veterinary Surgery Institute of Veterinary Medicine Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń 87 100 Toruń Poland

Institute of Human Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences 60 479 Poznan Poland

Physiology Graduate Program North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA

The School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen Aberdeen AB25 2ZD UK

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