Honey, honey extracts, and bee products belong to traditionally used bioactive molecules in many areas. The aim of the study was primarily to evaluate the effect of cosmetic matrices containing honey and bee products on the skin. The study is complemented by a questionnaire survey on the knowledge and awareness of the effects and potential uses of bee products. The effect of bee molecules at various concentrations was observed by applying 12 formulations to the skin of the volar side of the forearm by non-invasive bioengineering methods on a set of 24 volunteers for 48 h. Very good moisturizing properties have been found in matrices with the glycerin extract of honey. Matrices containing forest honey had better moisturizing effects than those containing flower honey. Barrier properties were enhanced by gradual absorption, especially in formulations with both glycerin and aqueous honey extract. The observed organoleptic properties of the matrices assessed by sensory analysis through 12 evaluators did not show statistically significant differences except for color and spreadability. There are differences in the ability to hydrate the skin, reduce the loss of epidermal water, and affect the pH of the skin surface, including the organoleptic properties between honey and bee product matrices according to their type and concentration.

Department of Food Technology Faculty of Technology Tomas Bata University in Zlín Vavrečkova 275 76001 Zlín Czech Republic

Department of Lipids Detergents and Cosmetics Technology Faculty of Technology Tomas Bata University in Zlín Vavrečkova 275 76001 Zlín Czech Republic

Department of Polymer Engineering Faculty of Technology Tomas Bata University in Zlín Vavrečkova 275 76001 Zlín Czech Republic

Prodejní místa Alveare Ltd Štěpnická 1137 68606 Uherské Hradiště Czech Republic

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Hajdušová J. Bee Products from the Physician Sight [in Czech] 1st ed. Český svaz včelařů; Praha, Czech Republic: 2006. pp. 10–45.

Přidal A. Bee Products [in Czech] 1st ed. MZLU; Brno, Czech Republic: 2005. pp. 48–80.

Gottschlack T.E., McEwen G.N. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. 13th ed. The Personal Care Products Council; Washington, DC, USA: 2010.

Crane E. A Book of Honey. Oxford University Press; Oxford, UK: 1980. pp. 39–63.

Nilforoushzadech M.A., Amirkhani M.A., Zarrintaj P., Salehi Moghaddam A., Mehrabi T., Alavi S., Mollapour S.M. Skin care and rejuvenation by cosmeceutical facial mask. J. Cosmet. Dermatol. 2018;17:693–702. doi: 10.1111/jocd.12730. PubMed DOI

McLoone P., Warnock M., Fyfe L. Honey: A realistic antimicrobial for disorders of the skin. J. Microbial. Immunol. Infect. 2016;49:161–167. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2015.01.009. PubMed DOI

Burlando B., Cornara L. Honey in dermatology and skin care: A review. J. Cosmet. Dermatol. 2013;12:306–313. doi: 10.1111/jocd.12058. PubMed DOI

Gordon L.A. Compositae dermatitis. Australas J. Derm. 1999;40:123–130. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-0960.1999.00341.x. PubMed DOI

Bogdanov S. Royal Jelly, Bee Brood: Composition, Health, Medicine: A Review. [(accessed on 15 September 2019)]; Available online: https://www.bee-hexagon.net/files/file/fileE/Health/RJBookReview.pdf.

Saewan N., Jimtaisong A. Natural products as photoprotection. J. Cosmet. Dermatol. 2015;14:47–63. doi: 10.1111/jocd.12123. PubMed DOI

Banskota A.H., Tezuka Y., Kadota S. Recent progress in pharmacological research of propolis. Phytother. Res. 2001;15:561–571. doi: 10.1002/ptr.1029. PubMed DOI

Krell L. Value-Added Products from Beekeeping. [(accessed on 16 September 2019)]; Available online: http://www.fao.org/3/w0076e/w0076e00.htm.

Meo S.A., Al-Asiri S.A., Mahesar A.L., Ansari M.J. Role of honey in modern medicine. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 2017;24:975–978. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.12.010. PubMed DOI PMC

De Paepe K., Derde M.P., Roseeuw D., Rogiers V. Claim substantion and efficiency of hydrating body lotions and protective creams. Contact Dermat. 2000;42:227–234. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0536.2000.042004227.x. PubMed DOI

Lodén M., Wessman W. The influence of a cream containing 20% glycerin and its vehicle on skin barrier properties. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 2001;23:115–119. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.2001.00060.x. PubMed DOI

Polaskova J., Pavlackova J., Egner P. Effect of vehicle on the performance of active moisturizing substances. Skin Res. Technol. 2015;21:403–412. doi: 10.1111/srt.12206. PubMed DOI

Jiménez M.M., Fresno M.J., Sellés E. The galenic behaviour of a dermopharmaceutical excipient containing honey. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 1994;16:211–226. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.1994.tb00098.x. PubMed DOI

Ahshawat M.S., Saraf S., Saraf S. Preparation and characterization of herbal creams for improvement of skin viscoelastic properties. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 2008;30:183–193. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2008.00442.x. PubMed DOI

Ediriweera E.R.H.S.S., Premarathna N.Y.S. Medicinal and cosmetic uses of bee’s honey−A review. Ayu. 2012;33:178–182. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.105233. PubMed DOI PMC

Isla M., Cordero A., Díaz L., Pérez-Pérez E.M., Vit P. Cosmetic properties of honey. 1. Antioxidant activity. In: Vit P., Roubik D.W., editors. Stingless Bees Process Honey and Pollen in Cerumen Pots. Universidad de los Andes; Mérida, Venezuela: 2013. pp. 1–8.

Márquez R., Bálsamo S., Morales F., Ruiz N., García A., León R., Montes A., Nava N., Noguera Y., Quintero A., et al. Technological use of beeswax for obtaining organic products, non-toxic for the human being. Revista Ciencia e Ingeniería. 2019;40:17–26.

Tupker R.A., Willis C., Berardesca E., Lee C.H., Fartasch M., Agner T., Serup J. Guidelines on sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) exposure tests. A report from the Standardization Group of the European Society of Contact Dermatitis. Contact Dermat. 1997;37:53–69. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00041.x. PubMed DOI

Seweryn A., Bujak T. Application of Anionic Phosphorus Derivatives of Alkyl Polyglucosides for the Production of Sustainable and Mild Body Wash Cosmetics. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2018;6:17294–17301. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b04711. DOI

Park K.B., Eun H.C. A study of skin responses to follow-up, rechallenge and combined effects of irritants using non-invasive measurements. J. Derm. Sci. 1995;10:159–165. doi: 10.1016/0923-1811(95)00433-S. PubMed DOI

Atrux-Tallau N., Romagny C., Padois K., Denis A., Haftek M., Falson F., Pirot F., Maibach H.I. Effects of glycerol on human skin damaged by acute sodium lauryl sulphate treatment. Arch. Derm. Res. 2010;302:435–441. doi: 10.1007/s00403-009-1021-z. PubMed DOI

Zahmatkesh M., Manesh M.J., Babashahabi R. Effect of olea ointment and acetate mafenide on burn wounds–a randomized clinical trial. Iran. J. Nurs. Midwifery Res. 2015;20:599–603. PubMed PMC

Polášková S. Year-round care of a child’s skin [in Czech] Pediatr. Praxi. 2012;13:96–100.

Seweryn A., Klimaszewska E., Ogorzałek M. Improvement in the Safety of Use of Hand Dishwashing Liquids through the Addition of Sulfonic Derivatives of Alkyl Polyglucosides. J. Surfact. Deterg. 2019;22:743–750. doi: 10.1002/jsde.12299. DOI

Kiistala R., Hannuksela M., Mäkinen-Kiljunen S., Niinimäki A., Haahtela T. Honey allergy is rare in patients sensitive to pollens. Allergy. 1995;50:844–847. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb05061.x. PubMed DOI

Rosmilah M., Shahnaz M., Patel G., Lock J., Rahman D., Masita A., Noormalin A. Characterization of major allergens of royal jelly Apis mellifera. Trop Biomed. 2008;25:243–251. PubMed

Deutsche Industrie Norm. Bestimmung des Wassergehalts in Honig. 1992. DIN 10752.

Lord D.W., Scotter M.J., Whittaker A.D., Wood R. The determination of acidity, apparent reducing sugar and sucrose, hydroxymethylfurfural, mineral, moisture, water-insoluble solids contents in honey; collaborative study. J. Assoc. Publ. Anal. 1988;26:51–76.

Akharaiyi F.C., Lawal H.A. Physicochemical analysis and mineral contents of honey from farmers in western states of Nigeria. J. Nat. Sci. Res. 2016;6:78–84.

Bosi G., Battaglini M. Gas chromatographic analysis of free and protein amino acids in some unifloral honeys. J. Apicult. Res. 1978;17:152–166. doi: 10.1080/00218839.1978.11099920. DOI

Nozal M.J., Bernal J.L., Toribio M.L., Diego J.C., Ruiz A. Rapid and sensitive method for determining free amino acids in honey by gas chromatography with flame ionization or mass spectrometric detection. J. Chromatogr. A. 2004;1047:137–146. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.07.013. PubMed DOI

Bogdanov S., Baumann S.E. Bestimmung von Honigzucker mit HPLC. Mitt. Gebiete Lebensm. Hyg. 1988;79:198–206.

Da Costa Leite J.M., Trugo L.C., Costa L.S.M., Quinteiro L.M.C., Barth O.M., Dutra V.L.M., De Maria C.A.B. Determination of oligosaccharides in Brazilian honeys of different botanical origin. Food Chem. 2000;70:93–98. doi: 10.1016/S0956-7135(99)00115-2. DOI

Rybak-Chmielewska H., Szczesna T. Determination of saccharides in multifloral honey by means of HPLC. J. Apicult. Sci. 2003;47:93–101.

Ciulu M., Solinas S., Floris I., Panzanelli A., Pilo M.I., Piu P.C., Spano N., Sanna G. RP-HPLC determination of water-soluble vitamins in honey. Talanta. 2011;83:924–929. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.10.059. PubMed DOI

Edwards R. A Department of Food Technology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.; Faraji-Haremi, R Department of Food Technology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.; Wootton, M Department of Food Technology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia. A rapid method for determining the diastase activity in honey. J. Apicult. Res. 1975;14:47–50.

Hadorn H. On the problem of the quantitative determination of diastase in honey. Mitt. Gebiete Lebensm. Hyg. 1961;52:67–103. PubMed

Bogdanov S. Beeswax: Production, Properties, Composition and Control. [(accessed on 25 September 2019)]; Available online: http://www.bee-hexagon.net/files/file/fileE/Wax/WaxBook1.pdf.

Přidal A. Beeswa–composition and utilization [in Czech] Moderní Včelař. 2007;5:20–21.

Mathivanan V., Shah G.N., Manzoor M., Mir G.M. A review on propolis-as a novel folk medicine. Indian J. Sci. 2013;2:23–30.

Alban Muller International . Phytami® Honey. Alban Muller International; Chartres, France: 2009. Raw material information data sheet.

Crodarom . Phytami® Honey. Crodarom; East Yorkshire, UK: 2013. Safety data sheet.

CIOMS . International Ethical Guidelines for Health-related Research Involving Humans. Council for International Organizations of Medical Science (CIOMS); Geneva, Switzerland: 2016. [(accessed on 20 September 2019)]. Available online: https://cioms.ch/publications/product/international-ethical-guidelines-for-health-related-research-involving-humans/

International Organization for Standardization . Sensory Analysis–Methodology–General Guidance. International Organization for Standardization; Geneva, Switzerland: 2017. ISO 6658.

International Organization for Standardization . Sensory Analysis General Guidance for the Design of Test Rooms. International Organization for Standardization; Geneva, Switzerland: 2017. ISO 8589.

Collagen Hydrolysates from Animal By-Products in Topical Cosmetic Formulations

Formulating Sustainable Emulsions: Mandelic Acid and Essential Oils as Natural Preservatives