The concentrations of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in aquatic biota are used for compliance, as well as time and spatial trend monitoring in the aqueous environment (European Union water framework directive, OSPAR). Because of trophic magnification in the food chain, the thermodynamic levels of HOCs, for example, polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and brominated diphenyl ether congeners, in higher trophic level (TL) organisms are expected to be strongly elevated above those in water. This work compares lipid-based concentrations at equilibrium with the water phase derived from aqueous passive sampling (CL⇌water) with the lipid-based concentrations in fillet and liver of fish (CL) at different TLs for three water bodies in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The CL values of HOCs in fish were near CL⇌water, only after trophic magnification up to TL = 4. For fish at lower TL, CL progressively decreased relative to CL⇌water as KOW of HOCs increased above 106. The CL value decreasing toward the bottom of the food chain suggests nonequilibrium for primary producers (algae), which is in agreement with modeling passive HOC uptake by algae. Because trophic magnification and the resulting CL in fish exhibit large natural variability, CL⇌water is a viable alternative for monitoring HOCs using fish, showing a twofold lower confidence range and requiring less samples.

Faculty of AgriSciences Department of Zoology Fisheries Hydrobiology and Apiculture Mendel University in Brno Zemědělská 1 61300 Brno Czech Republic

Faculty of Science Centre RECETOX Masaryk University Kamenice 753 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

Fram Centre Norwegian Institute for Water Research Hjalmar Johansen Gate 14 9007 Tromsø Norway

References provided by Crossref.org

Passive Sampling Helps the Appraisal of Contaminant Bioaccumulation in Norwegian Fish Used for Regulatory Chemical Monitoring