This special issue contains articles that add to the ever-expanding toolbox of insect pathogenic nematodes (entomopathogenic nematodes; EPNs) as well articles that provide new insights into the mutualistic interaction between EPNs and their hosts. The study of natural infection models such as EPNs allows detailed insight into micro- and macro-evolutionary dynamics of innate immune reactions, including known but also emerging branches of innate immunity. Additional new insights into the kinetics of EPN infections are gained by increased spatiotemporal resolution of advanced transcriptome studies and live imaging.

Department of Experimental Biology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Kamenice 753 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Molecular Biosciences Wenner Gren Institute Stockholm University Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C 10691 Stockholm Sweden

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Özdemir E., Şerife B., Susurluk I.A. First Record of the Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema litorale (Filipjev) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Its Symbiotic Bacterium from Turkey, and Its Efficacy Capability. Insects. 2020;11:144. doi: 10.3390/insects11030144. PubMed DOI PMC

Modic Š., Žigon P., Kolmanič A., Trdan S., Razinger J. Evaluation of the Field Efficacy of Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) and Synthetic Insecticides for the Control of Western Corn Rootworm Larvae. Insects. 2020;11:202. doi: 10.3390/insects11030202. PubMed DOI PMC

Darsouei R., Karimi J., Dunphy G.B. Functional Characterization of Outer Membrane Proteins (OMPs) in Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus luminescens through Insect Immune Defense Reactions. Insects. 2019;10:352. doi: 10.3390/insects10100352. PubMed DOI PMC

Stanley D., Kim Y. Prostaglandins and Other Eicosanoids in Insects: Biosynthesis and Biological Actions. Front. Physiol. 2018;9:1927. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01927. PubMed DOI PMC

Chandra Roy M., Lee D., Kim Y. Host Immunosuppression Induced by Steinernema feltiae, an Entomopathogenic Nematode, through Inhibition of Eicosanoid Biosynthesis. Insects. 2019;11:33. doi: 10.3390/insects11010033. PubMed DOI PMC

Eliáš S., Hurychová J., Toubarro D., Frias J., Kunc M., Dobeš P., Simões N., Hyršl P. Bioactive Excreted/Secreted Products of Entomopathogenic Nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Inhibit the Phenoloxidase Activity during the Infection. Insects. 2020;11:353. doi: 10.3390/insects11060353. PubMed DOI PMC

Dziedziech A., Shivankar S., Theopold U. Drosophila melanogaster Responses against Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Focus on Hemolymph Clots. Insects. 2020;11:62. doi: 10.3390/insects11010062. PubMed DOI PMC

Eleftherianos I., Sachar U. Thioester-containing Proteins in the Drosophila melanogaster Immune Response against the Pathogen Photorhabdus. Insects. 2020;11:85. doi: 10.3390/insects11020085. PubMed DOI PMC

Dziedziech A., Shivankar S., Theopold U. High-Resolution Infection Kinetics of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Entering Drosophila melanogaster. Insects. 2020;11:60. doi: 10.3390/insects11010060. PubMed DOI PMC

Jiang W., Peng Y., Ye J., Wen Y., Liu G., Xie J. Effects of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae on the Mortality and Immune Response of Locusta migratoria. Insects. 2019;11:36. doi: 10.3390/insects11010036. PubMed DOI PMC