PURPOSE: Echocardiography is a common tool for cardiac and hemodynamic assessments in critical care research. However, interpretation (and applications) of results and between-study comparisons are often difficult due to the lack of certain important details in the studies. PRICES (Preferred Reporting Items for Critical care Echocardiography Studies) is a project endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine and conducted by the Echocardiography Working Group, aiming at producing recommendations for standardized reporting of critical care echocardiography (CCE) research studies. METHODS: The PRICE panel identified lists of clinical and echocardiographic parameters (the "items") deemed important in four main areas of CCE research: left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions, right ventricular function and fluid management. Each item was graded using a critical index (CI) that combined the relative importance of each item and the fraction of studies that did not report it, also taking experts' opinion into account. RESULTS: A list of items in each area that deemed essential for the proper interpretation and application of research results is recommended. Additional items which aid interpretation were also proposed. CONCLUSION: The PRICES recommendations reported in this document, as a checklist, represent an international consensus of experts as to which parameters and information should be included in the design of echocardiography research studies. PRICES recommendations provide guidance to scientists in the field of CCE with the objective of providing a recommended framework for reporting of CCE methodology and results.

Bodleian Health Care Libraries University of Oxford Oxford UK

Cardiothoracic Critical Care St Georges Hospital St Georges University of London London UK

CHIREC Hospitals Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium

Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Barcelona Spain

Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic

Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden

Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele University Hospital Catania Italy

Department of Cardiovascular Respiratory Nephrological Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences University of Rome La Sapienza Policlinico Umberto Primo Viale del Policlinico Rome Italy

Department of Intensive Care Erasme University Hospital Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium

Department of Intensive Care Maastricht University Medical Centre University Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands

Department of Perioperative Medicine Bart's Heart Centre St Bartholomew's Hospital W Smithfield London UK

Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Northwell Health LIJ NSUH Medical Center Zucker School of Medicine Hofstra Northwell Hempstead USA

INSERM UMR 1018 CESP Team Kidney and Heart University of Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines Villejuif France

Intensive Care Medicine Unit Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris University Hospital Ambroise Paré 92100 Boulogne Billancourt France

Intensive Care Unit Nepean Hospital The University of Sydney Sydney Australia

Medical Intensive Care Unit Amiens University Hospital Amiens France

Medical Surgical Intensive Care Unit Inserm CIC 1435 Limoges University Hospital Limoges France

Service de réanimation médicale Hôpital Henri Mondor Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny 94000 Créteil France

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