The application of zero-valent iron particles (ZVI) for the treatment of heavily polluted environment and its biological effects have been studied for at least two decades. Still, information on the impact on bacterial metabolic pathways is lacking. This study describes the effect of microscale and nanoscale ZVI (mZVI and nZVI) on the abundance of different metabolic pathways in freshwater bacterial communities. The metabolic pathways were inferred from metabolism modelling based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data using paprica pipeline. The nZVI changed the abundance of numerous metabolic pathways compared to a less influencing mZVI. We identified the 50 most affected pathways, where 31 were related to degradation, 17 to biosynthesis, and 2 to detoxification. The linkage between pathways was two times higher in nZVI samples compared to mZVI, and was specifically higher considering the arsenate detoxification II pathway. Limnohabitans and Roseiflexus were linked to the same pathways in both nZVI and mZVI. The prediction of metabolic pathways increases our knowledge of the impacts of nZVI and mZVI on freshwater bacterioplankton.

Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA

Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA

Faculty of Mechatronics Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies Technical University of Liberec Studentská 2 46117 Liberec Czech Republic

Institute for Nanomaterials Advanced Technologies and Innovation Technical University of Liberec Studentská 2 46117 Liberec Czech Republic

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