Tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) are the dominant component of communities of intestinal parasites in pimelodid and other catfishes (Siluriformes) from South America. Even though these parasites have been studied intensively over more than one century, molecular taxonomy and phylogenetics have questioned their morphology-based classification, thus raising doubts about the systematic value of traits commonly used to circumscribe individual taxa. In the present study, members of three morphologically well-characterized genera of proteocephalids from pimelodid (Hemisorubim platyrhynchos and Sorubim lima) and auchenipterid (Ageneiosus inermis) catfishes from the Paraná or Amazon River basins were subjected to DNA sequencing of the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA (lsrDNA) and complete mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). Phylogenetic analyses revealed the sister relationship between Manaosia bracodemoca and Mariauxiella piscatorum, and among Mariauxiella pimelodi and Ageneiella brevifilis. As a result, Mar. piscatorum and A. brevifilis are transferred to Manaosia and Mariauxiella, respectively, as Manaosia piscatorum n. comb. and Mariauxiella brevifilis n. comb., and the genus Ageneiella is suppressed. Diagnoses of Manaosia and Mariauxiella are amended. In addition, the present study revealed misidentification of tapeworms whose sequences are deposited in the GenBank database.

Departamento de Parasitologia Animal Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro BR 465 Km 47 Seropédica RJ 23851 970 Brazil

Departamento de Parasitologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Av Presidente Antônio Carlos Pampulha Belo Horizonte MG 31270 901 Brazil

Departamento de Patologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Av Costa e Silva Campo Grande MS 79070 900 Brazil

Department of Invertebrates Natural History Museum P O Box 6434 6 CH 1211 Geneva Switzerland

Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Branišovská 31 370 05 České Budějovice Czech Republic

Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia Ictiologia e Aquicultura Universidade Estadual de Maringá Av Colombo Zona 7 Maringá PR 87020 900 Brazil

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