We compiled data from histological sources on the formation ages for human mandibular and maxillary permanent first molars, lateral and central incisors and canines. From this we summarised the data by reporting weighted means for cusp initiation, crown completion and apex completion. This provides a reference for bioarchaeological and medical studies investigating early childhood. More specifically, this reference is a crucial element in the study of early childhood nutrition and morbidity from osteological analysis and stable isotope analyses of teeth and their growth increments.

Arne Faculty of Arts Masaryk University Nováka 1 Brno střed 602 00 Czech Republic

Department of Archaeology Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History Kahlaische Str 10 Jena 07745 Germany

Ludwig Maximilians Universität München Fakultät für Kulturwissenschaften Geschwister Scholl Platz 1 München 80539 Germany

University of Oxford School of Archaeology 1 Parks Road Oxford OX1 3TG United Kingdom

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