AIMS: This study investigated gender and educational differences in trends in schoolwork pressure between 2001 and 2017 in nationally representative samples of Dutch adolescents in secondary education. METHODS: Data from five surveys of the Dutch Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study were used. RESULTS: Across the surveys, an increase in perceived schoolwork pressure was observed. Girls and adolescents enrolled in the higher educational levels reported higher levels of perceived schoolwork pressure and the strongest increase in schoolwork pressure over time. Especially for girls, there was a stronger increase in schoolwork pressure for those enrolled in higher educational tracks. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in schoolwork pressure over time were stronger among Dutch girls and students in the higher educational levels. Over time, schoolwork pressure increased most among girls in the highest educational levels. Explanations and implications for these results are discussed.

Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences Utrecht University The Netherlands

Sts Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology Olomouc University Social Health Institute Palacký University Olomouc Czech Republic

VSB Technical University of Ostrava Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Czech Republic

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