Environmental risk assessment of contaminated soils requires bioindicators that allow the assessment of bioavailability and toxicity of chemicals. Although many bioassays can determine the ecotoxicity of soil samples in the laboratory, few are available and standardized for on-site application. Bioassays based on specific threshold values that assess the in situ and ex situ bioavailability and risk of metal(loid)s and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils to the land snail Cantareus aspersus have never been simultaneously applied to the same soils. The aims of this study were to compare the results provided by in situ and ex situ bioassays and to determine their respective importance for environmental risk assessment. The feasibility and reproducibility of the in situ bioassay were assessed using an international ring test. This study used five plots located at a former industrial site and six laboratories participated in the ring test. The results revealed the impact of environmental parameters on the bioavailability of metal(loid)s and PAHs to snails exposed in the field to structured soils and vegetation compared to those exposed under laboratory conditions to soil collected from the same field site (excavated soils). The risk coefficients were generally higher ex situ than in situ, with some exceptions (mainly due to Cd and Mo), which might be explained by the in situ contribution of plants and humus layer as sources of exposure of snails to contaminants and by climatic parameters. The ring test showed good agreement among laboratories, which determined the same levels of risk in most of the plots. Comparison of the bioavailability to land snails and the subsequent risk estimated in situ or ex situ highlighted the complementarity between both approaches in the environmental risk assessment of contaminated soils, namely, to guide decisions on the fate and future use of the sites (e.g., excavation, embankments, and land restoration). Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:539-554. © 2021 SETAC.

CBET Research Group Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology University of the Basque Country Leioa Bizkaia Basque Country Spain

Department Chrono Environment UMR CNRS 6249 University of Bourgogne Franche Comté Besançon Cedex France

Department of Analytical Chemistry University of the Basque Country Leioa Bizkaia Basque Country Spain

Department of Life Sciences Centre for Functional Ecology Science for People and The Planet University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal

Faculté des Sciences et Technologies Université de Lorraine Vandoeuvre les Nancy France

INSAVALOR Campus LyonTech La Doua Centre d'Entreprise et d'Innovation CS 52132 Villeurbanne Cedex France

RECETOX Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology Plentzia Marine Station University of the Basque Country Plentzia Bizkaia Basque Country Spain

Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology EPFL ENAC IIE GE Lausanne Switzerland

TESORA Arcueil France

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