The First World Consensus Conference on Pancreas Transplantation provided 49 jury deliberations regarding the impact of pancreas transplantation on the treatment of diabetic patients, and 110 experts' recommendations for the practice of pancreas transplantation. The main message from this consensus conference is that both simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK) and pancreas transplantation alone can improve long-term patient survival, and all types of pancreas transplantation dramatically improve the quality of life of recipients. Pancreas transplantation may also improve the course of chronic complications of diabetes, depending on their severity. Therefore, the advantages of pancreas transplantation appear to clearly surpass potential disadvantages. Pancreas after kidney transplantation increases the risk of mortality only in the early period after transplantation, but is associated with improved life expectancy thereafter. Additionally, preemptive SPK, when compared to SPK performed in patients undergoing dialysis, appears to be associated with improved outcomes. Time on dialysis has negative prognostic implications in SPK recipients. Increased long-term survival, improvement in the course of diabetic complications, and amelioration of quality of life justify preferential allocation of kidney grafts to SPK recipients. Audience discussions and live voting are available online at the following URL address: http://mediaeventi.unipi.it/category/1st-world-consensus-conference-of-pancreas-transplantation/246.

Centre for Diabetes Obesity and Endocrinology Westmead Institute for Medical Research Westmead Australia

Department of Abdominal Surgery and Transplantation University of Liege Liege Belgium

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa Pisa Italy

Department of General and Emergency Surgery Polytechnic University of Marche Ancona Italy

Department of General Visceral and Transplant Surgery Grosshadern Medical Centre University of Munich Munich Germany

Department of Hepato pancreatico biliary and Transplant Surgery Freeman Hospital Newcastle upon Tyne England UK

Department of Internal Medicine and Surgery University of Bologna Bologna Italy

Department of Medicine and Transplant Center Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands

Department of Medicine SUNY Downstate Medical Center The State University of New York Brooklyn New York USA

Department of Organ Transplant Surgery Fujita Health University Toyoake Japan

Department of Pathology University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA

Department of Surgery Addenbrooke's Hospital University of Cambridge Cambridge England UK

Department of Surgery Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow Klinikum Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany

Department of Surgery Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana USA

Department of Surgery Ruhr University Bochum Bochum Germany

Department of Surgery Scientific Institute San Raffaele Milan Italy

Department of Surgery SUNY Downstate Medical Center The State University of New York Brooklyn New York USA

Department of Surgery University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine Chicago Illinois USA

Department of Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA

Department of Surgery University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA

Department of Surgery Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston Salem North Carolina USA

Department of Surgery Weastmead Clinical School University of Sydney Sydney Australia

Department of Transplantation Manchester Foundations Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Manchester Royal Infirmary Manchester UK

Department of Transplantation Nephrology and Clinical Immunology Hospital Lyon 1 University Lyon France

Department of Urology and Transplantation E Herriot Hospital Lyon 1 University Lyon France

Department of Urology Nantes University Hospital CHU de Nantes Nantes France

Department Surgery University of Cantabria Santander Spain

Diabetes Center Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Prague Czech Republic

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine University of Washington Seattle Washington USA

Division of General and Transplant Surgery University of Pisa Pisa Italy

Division of Kidney Pancreas Transplantation Department of Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Jackson Memorial Hospital Miami Transplant Institute Miami Florida USA

Division of Transplantation Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar University of Porto and Pancreas Transplantation Program Porto Portugal

Division of Transplantation Department of Surgery University of California at San Francisco San Francisco California USA

Division of Transplantation Department of Surgery University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland

Division of Transplantation Department of Surgery University of Maryland Medical Center Baltimore Maryland USA

Division of Transplantation Department of Surgery University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA

Edinburgh Transplant Centre Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh Edinburgh Scotland UK

General Surgery and Orgn Transplantation Unit Sapienza University of Rome Umberto 1 Polyclinico of Rome Rome Italy

Hepatobiliary Surgery Division IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy

Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain

Infectious Disease Unit Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa Pisa Italy

Internal Medicine and Transplantation Scientific Institute San Raffaele Milan Italy

Italian National Transplant Center Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome Italy

J C Walter Jr Center for Transplantation Department of Surgery Houston Methodist Hospital Houston Texas USA

Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Unit Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences University of Padua Padua Italy

Kidney Pancreas Transplantation Instituto de Trasplantes y Alta Complejidad Buenos Aires Argentina

MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics Departments of Pediatrics Medicine and Surgery University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA

Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute Washington DC USA

Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences University of Oxford Oxford England UK

Ordensklinikum Elisabethinen University of Linz Linz Austria

Pancreas Transplant Program Abdominal Organ Transplantation Department Leforte Hospital Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil

Transplantation Department Asan Medical Center Ulsan University Seoul South Korea

Transplantation Department S Camillo Forlanini Hospital Rome Italy

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