An unjustified simplification of the local quantitative criterion regarding cleavage nucleation is a key problem in the utilisation of the Local Approach to Fracture (LA), particularly to predict the fracture toughness within the ductile-to-brittle transition (DBT) region. The theoretical concept of the effect of both temperature and the plastic strain value on the crack nuclei (CN) generation rate in iron and ferritic steels is presented. It is shown how the plastic strain and temperature affect CN formation rate and, as a consequence, govern the shape of the temperature dependence of fracture toughness KJc and its scatter limits. Within the framework of the microscopic model proposed, dependences of the CN bulk density on the plastic deformation value and temperature are predicted. Convenient approximation dependences for incorporating this effect into the LA are suggested. The experimental data of reactor pressure vessel steel and cast manganese steel demonstrate that the use of these dependences enables one to predict, with sufficient accuracy, the effect of temperature on the value of fracture toughness and its scatter limits over the DBT region. It is shown that accounting for both the temperature and strain dependence of CN bulk density gives rise to the invariance of parameters of the Weibull distribution to temperature.

E O Paton Institute for Materials Science and Welding National Technical University of Ukraine Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute 37 Peremohy Ave UA 03056 Kyiv Ukraine

G 5 Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 36 Academician Vernadsky Blvd UA 0380 Kyiv Ukraine

Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Brno University of Technology Technicka 2 61669 Brno Czech Republic

Institute of Physics of Materials Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Zizkova 22 61669 Brno Czech Republic

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