Determinants of Immune Response to Anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Jazyk angličtina Země Spojené státy americké Médium print
Typ dokumentu klinická studie, časopisecké články, práce podpořená grantem
PubMed
34999659
PubMed Central
PMC8942601
DOI
10.1097/tp.0000000000004044
PII: 00007890-202204000-00027
Knihovny.cz E-zdroje
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- imunita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mRNA vakcíny MeSH
- příjemce transplantátu MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- protilátky virové MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- syntetické vakcíny MeSH
- transplantace ledvin * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- mRNA vakcíny MeSH
- protilátky virové MeSH
- syntetické vakcíny MeSH
BACKGROUND: Immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination has been recently shown to be impaired in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), but the underlying factors affecting vaccine effectiveness need to be further elucidated. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, antibodies against S1 and S2 subunits of SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated using an immunochemiluminescent assay (cutoff 9.5 AU/mL, sensitivity 91.2%, and specificity 90.2%) in 736 KTRs, who were previously either naive or infected with SARS-CoV-2 and vaccinated before or after transplantation. Cellular response was analyzed in a subset of patients using an interferon gamma release assay (cutoff 0.15 IU/mL, sensitivity 92%, and specificity 100%). RESULTS: Seroconversion was significantly more impaired in SARS-CoV-2-naive KTRs than in those previously infected (40.1% versus 97.1%; P < 0.001). Mycophenolate use (odds ratio, 0.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.24; P < 0.001) and depleting therapy in the past year (odds ratio, 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.8; P = 0.023) were found to be among independent factors associated with impaired humoral response. Similarly, the interferon gamma release assay tested in 50 KTRs (cutoff 0.15 IU/mL, sensitivity 92%, specificity 100%) showed that specific T-cell responses against spike protein epitopes are impaired in SARS-CoV-2-naive KTRs, as compared to previously infected KTRs (9.4% versus 90%, P < 0.001). All 35 KTRs vaccinated on the waiting list before transplantation exhibited sustained seroconversion persisting after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Survivors of coronavirus disease 2019 and those vaccinated while on the waiting list exhibited a marked immune response to mRNA vaccines, contrary to poor response in naive KTRs vaccinated after transplantation (NCT04832841).
Department of Immunology Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Prague Czech Republic
Institutional Pharmacy Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Prague Czech Republic
Transplantation Laboratory Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Prague Czech Republic
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ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04832841