Despite the lower virulence of current SARS-CoV-2 variants and high rates of vaccinated and previously infected subjects, COVID-19 remains a persistent threat in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). This study evaluated the parameters of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody production in 120 KTRs. The production of neutralizing antibodies in KTRs, following booster vaccination with the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2, was significantly decreased and their decline was faster than in healthy subjects. Factors predisposing to the downregulation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies included age, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, and a full dose of mycophenolate mofetil. Neutralizing antibodies correlated with those targeting the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD), SARS-CoV-2 Spike trimmer, total SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein, as well as with antibodies to the deadly SARS-CoV-1 virus. No cross-reactivity was found with antibodies against seasonal coronaviruses. KTRs exhibited lower postvaccination production of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2; however, the specificity of their humoral response did not differ compared to healthy subjects.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * imunologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• glykoprotein S, koronavirus imunologie   MeSH
• humorální imunita MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neutralizující protilátky * krev   imunologie   MeSH
• příjemce transplantátu * MeSH
• protilátky virové * krev   imunologie   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * imunologie   MeSH
• sekundární imunizace MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• transplantace ledvin * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• vakcína BNT162 imunologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 imunologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Scientific evidence regularly guides policy decisions1, with behavioural science increasingly part of this process2. In April 2020, an influential paper3 proposed 19 policy recommendations ('claims') detailing how evidence from behavioural science could contribute to efforts to reduce impacts and end the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we assess 747 pandemic-related research articles that empirically investigated those claims. We report the scale of evidence and whether evidence supports them to indicate applicability for policymaking. Two independent teams, involving 72 reviewers, found evidence for 18 of 19 claims, with both teams finding evidence supporting 16 (89%) of those 18 claims. The strongest evidence supported claims that anticipated culture, polarization and misinformation would be associated with policy effectiveness. Claims suggesting trusted leaders and positive social norms increased adherence to behavioural interventions also had strong empirical support, as did appealing to social consensus or bipartisan agreement. Targeted language in messaging yielded mixed effects and there were no effects for highlighting individual benefits or protecting others. No available evidence existed to assess any distinct differences in effects between using the terms 'physical distancing' and 'social distancing'. Analysis of 463 papers containing data showed generally large samples; 418 involved human participants with a mean of 16,848 (median of 1,699). That statistical power underscored improved suitability of behavioural science research for informing policy decisions. Furthermore, by implementing a standardized approach to evidence selection and synthesis, we amplify broader implications for advancing scientific evidence in policy formulation and prioritization.

• MeSH
• behaviorální vědy * metody   trendy   MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   etnologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• kultura MeSH
• lékařská praxe založená na důkazech * metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• sociální normy MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví metody   trendy   MeSH
• vůdcovství MeSH
• vytváření politiky * MeSH
• zdravotní politika * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We evaluated whether there was a difference in the occurrence of relapses pre- and post-COVID-19 vaccination in a nationwide cohort of Danish patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. METHODS: We conducted a population-based, nationwide cohort study with a cutoff date of 1 October 2022. We used McNemar tests to assess changes in the proportion of patients with recorded relapses within 90 days and 180 days before and after first vaccine dose, and a negative binomial regression model to compare the 90 and 180 days postvaccination annualized relapse rate (ARR) to the 360 days prevaccination ARR. Multivariate Cox regression was used to estimate relapse risk factors. RESULTS: We identified 8169 vaccinated (87.3% Comirnaty) patients without a recorded history of a positive COVID-19 test. We did not find statistically significant changes in the proportion of patients with relapses in the 90 days (1.3% vs. 1.4% of patients, p = 0.627) and 180 days (2.7% vs. 2.6% of patients, p = 0.918) pre- and postvaccination. Also, a comparison of the ARR 360 days before (0.064, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.058-0.070) with the ARR 90 (0.057, 95% CI = 0.047-0.069, p = 0.285) and 180 (0.055, 95% CI = 0.048-0.063, p = 0.060) days after vaccination did not show statistically significant differences. Lower age, higher Expanded Disability Status Scale score, and relapse within 360 days before vaccination were associated with a higher risk of relapse. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find evidence of increased relapse activity following the administration of the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.

• MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * MeSH
• vakcinace MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Dánsko MeSH

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the nasal cavity, penetrates the nasal epithelial cells through the interaction of its spike protein with the host cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and then triggers a cytokine storm. We aimed to assess the biocompatibility of fullerenol nanoparticles C60(OH)40 and ectoine, and to document their effect on the protection of primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) against the effects of interaction with the fragment of virus - spike protein. This preliminary research is the first step towards the construction of a intranasal medical device with a protective, mechanical function against SARS-CoV-2 similar to that of personal protective equipment (eg masks). METHODS: We used HNEpCs and the full-length spike protein from SARS-CoV-2 to mimic the first stage of virus infection. We assessed cell viability with the XTT assay and a spectrophotometer. May-Grünwald Giemsa and periodic acid-Schiff staining served to evaluate HNEpC morphology. We assessed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and commercial kit. Finally, we employed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and confocal microscopy to determine the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS: There was normal morphology and unchanged viability of HNEpCs after incubation with 10 mg/L C60(OH)40, 0.2% ectoine or their composite for 24 h. The spike protein exerted cytotoxicity via ROS production. Preincubation with the composite protected HNEpCs against the interaction between the spike protein and the host membrane and prevented the production of key cytokines characteristic of severe coronavirus disease 2019, including interleukin 6 and 8, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 and 2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor. CONCLUSION: In the future, the combination of fullerenol and ectoine may be used to prevent viral infections as an intranasal medical device for people with reduced immunity and damaged mucous membrane.

• MeSH
• aminokyseliny diaminové MeSH
• angiotensin konvertující enzym 2 metabolismus   MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• epitelové buňky * účinky léků   virologie   MeSH
• fullereny * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• glykoprotein S, koronavirus * metabolismus   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nanočástice * chemie   MeSH
• nosní sliznice účinky léků   cytologie   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * účinky léků   MeSH
• syndrom uvolnění cytokinů * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• viabilita buněk * účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

V souboru očkovaných a neočkovaných jedinců, kteří prodělali nebo neprodělali onemocnění Covid-19, jsme sledovali vztah mezi anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG a některými parametry, které mají dle literatury význam při rozvoji a průběhu onemocnění Covid-19. Šlo o celkové IgG, podtřídy IgG1-4, složky komplementu C3c, C4 a cirkulující imunokomplexy (CIK). Zjistili jsme, že neočkovaní, očkovaní vakcínou Pfizer/BioNTech a Moderna a rovněž prodělavší a neprodělavší onemocnění Covid-19 se významně liší v hladině antiSARS-CoV-2 IgG. Očkování mělo na výši hladiny protilátek větší vliv než prodělání onemocnění. IgG4 se zvýšilo u očkovaných po vakcíně Pfizer/BioNTech. Ostatní podtřídy IgG, celkové IgG, CIK a složky komplementu se mezi skupinami statisticky významně nelišily.

In a group of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals who did or did not experience Covid-19 disease, we monitored the relationship between anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and some parameters that, according to the literature, are important in the development and course of illness of Covid-19. These were total IgG, IgG1-4 subclasses, complement components C3c, C4 and circulating immune complexes (CIC). We found that unvaccinated, vaccinated with Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccine, as well as advanced and non-advanced Covid-19 patients differed significantly in the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Vaccination had a greater effect on the level of antibodies than experiencing the disease. IgG4 increased in vaccinees after the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine. Other IgG subclasses, total IgG, CIC and complement components were not statistically significantly different between groups.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * imunologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISA přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• imunoglobulin G analýza   imunologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• imunokomplex MeSH
• indikátory a reagencie klasifikace   MeSH
• komplement MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nefelometrie a turbidimetrie přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• vakcinace * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BackgroundCOVID-19 remains a major infectious disease with substantial implications for individual and public health including the risk of a post-infection syndrome, long COVID. The continuous changes in dominant variants of SARS-CoV-2 necessitate a careful study of the effect of preventative strategies.AimWe aimed to estimate the effectiveness of post-vaccination, post-infection and hybrid immunity against severe cases requiring oxygen support caused by infections with SARS-CoV-2 variants BA1/2 and BA4/5+, and against long COVID in the infected population and their changes over time.MethodsWe used a Cox regression analysis with time-varying covariates and calendar time and logistic regression applied to national-level data from Czechia from December 2021 until August 2023.ResultsRecently boosted vaccination, post-infection and hybrid immunity provide significant protection against a severe course of COVID-19, while unboosted vaccination more than 10 months ago has a negligible protective effect. The post-vaccination immunity against the BA1/2 or BA4/5+ variants, especially based on the original vaccine types, appears to wane rapidly compared with post-infection and hybrid immunity. Once infected, however, previous immunity plays only a small protective role against long COVID.ConclusionVaccination remains an effective preventative measure against a severe course of COVID-19 but its effectiveness wanes over time thus highlighting the importance of booster doses. Once infected, vaccines may have a small protective effect against the development of long COVID.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * imunologie   prevence a kontrola   epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• postakutní syndrom COVID-19 MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * imunologie   MeSH
• sekundární imunizace MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vakcinace MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 * imunologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

We conducted a multicentre test-negative case-control study covering the period from October 2023 to January 2024 among adult patients aged ≥ 18 years hospitalised with severe acute respiratory infection in Europe. We provide early estimates of the effectiveness of the newly adapted XBB.1.5 COVID-19 vaccines against PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 hospitalisation. Vaccine effectiveness was 49% overall, ranging between 69% at 14-29 days and 40% at 60-105 days post vaccination. The adapted XBB.1.5 COVID-19 vaccines conferred protection against COVID-19 hospitalisation in the first 3.5 months post vaccination, with VE > 70% in older adults (≥ 65 years) up to 1 month post vaccination.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hospitalizace * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * imunologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• účinost vakcíny * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• vakcinace * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 * imunologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

There is no multi-country/multi-language study testing a-priori multivariable associations between non-modifiable/modifiable factors and validated wellbeing/multidimensional mental health outcomes before/during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, studies during COVID-19 pandemic generally do not report on representative/weighted non-probability samples. The Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT) is a multi-country/multi-language survey conducting multivariable/LASSO-regularized regression models and network analyses to identify modifiable/non-modifiable factors associated with wellbeing (WHO-5)/composite psychopathology (P-score) change. It enrolled general population-representative/weighted-non-probability samples (26/04/2020-19/06/2022). Participants included 121,066 adults (age=42±15.9 years, females=64 %, representative sample=29 %) WHO-5/P-score worsened (SMD=0.53/SMD=0.74), especially initially during the pandemic. We identified 15 modifiable/nine non-modifiable risk and 13 modifiable/three non-modifiable protective factors for WHO-5, 16 modifiable/11 non-modifiable risk and 10 modifiable/six non-modifiable protective factors for P-score. The 12 shared risk/protective factors with highest centrality (network-analysis) were, for non-modifiable factors, country income, ethnicity, age, gender, education, mental disorder history, COVID-19-related restrictions, urbanicity, physical disorder history, household room numbers and green space, and socioeconomic status. For modifiable factors, we identified medications, learning, internet, pet-ownership, working and religion as coping strategies, plus pre-pandemic levels of stress, fear, TV, social media or reading time, and COVID-19 information. In multivariable models, for WHO-5, additional non-modifiable factors with |B|>1 were income loss, COVID-19 deaths. For modifiable factors we identified pre-pandemic levels of social functioning, hobbies, frustration and loneliness, and social interactions as coping strategy. For P-scores, additional non-modifiable/modifiable factors were income loss, pre-pandemic infection fear, and social interactions as coping strategy. COH-FIT identified vulnerable sub-populations and actionable individual/environmental factors to protect well-being/mental health during crisis times. Results inform public health policies, and clinical practice.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   psychologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duševní zdraví * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• ochranné faktory * MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

SARS-CoV-2 je virus, který infikuje respirační trakt a může způsobit závažné, někdy až život ohrožující onemocnění COVID-19. U více než 5 % symptomatických pacientů je infekce spojena s výskytem postakutních následků. První kontakt viru s imunitním systémem nazofaryngu a orofaryngu vyvolává slizniční imunitní odpověď spojenou s lokální produkcí sekrečních protilátek třídy imunoglobulinů A (sIgA), což může přispět k lokalizaci viru na horní cesty dýchací a asymptomatické či pouze klinicky mírné infekci. Během pandemie rychle vyvinuté systémově působící vakcíny úspěšně chrání před závažnou formou onemocnění a jeho postakutními následky, nicméně neindukují protilátky ve slizničních sekretech u dosud SARS-CoV-2-naivních jedinců. U těch, kteří již infekci prodělali, mohou přesto systémové vakcíny posílit tvorbu protilátek sIgA. Je třeba zdůraznit, že klinická prospěšnost systémové imunizace vakcínami proti COVID-19 přesvědčivě dokumentovaná u desítek milionů jedinců zastiňuje vzácné, mnohdy sporně dokumentované komplikace očkování. Neschopnost současných vakcín navodit slizniční imunitní odpověď a zabránit šíření viru sekrety infikovaných jedinců poukazuje na vzájemnou nezávislost slizniční a systémové imunity. To podtrhuje potřebu vývoje vakcín, které vyvolají patřičné odpovědi v obou kompartmentech imunitního systému.

SARS-CoV-2 is a virus which infects the respiratory tract and may cause severe, occasionally life-threatening disease COVID-19. In more than 5% of symptomatic patients the infection is associated with post-acute symptoms. The initial contact of the virus with the immune system of the nasopharynx and oropharynx induces a mucosal immune response manifested by the production of secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies which may contribute to the restriction of the infection to the upper respiratory tract and an asymptomatic or clinically mild disease. The current systemically administered vaccines protected against the severe COVID-19 infection and its post-acute sequelae. However, they do not induce antibodies in mucosal secretions in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals. In contrast, in those who previously experienced mucosal infection, systemically administered vaccines may stimulate sIgA production. The clinical benefit of systemic vaccination convincingly documented in tens of millions of individuals overshadows the rare, sometimes controversial reports of complications encountered after vaccination. The inability of current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to induce mucosal immune responses and to prevent the spreading of the virus by external secretions demonstrates the mutual independence of mucosal and systemic compartments of the immune system, and thus emphasizes need for the development of vaccines inducing protective immune responses in both compartments.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 imunologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• slizniční imunita imunologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• vakcinace MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Many biological agents are epidemic or pandemic in nature (Ebola 2013, Spanish influenza 1918, Russian influenza 1989, SARS-CoV-2 2019). Recognising the onset of the spread of epidemics and pandemics remains a major challenge even in the 21st century despite the technologies and scientific knowledge at our disposal, as is the successful management of such situations. The reason concerns the existence of biological diversity and the laws that govern it, which are very difficult to predict and which are virtually uncontrollable. It is gradually becoming apparent that the current spread of SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 (9 million deaths since the beginning of the pandemic according to WHO) is characterised by very different characteristics (e.g. the exposure, transmission and spread of the viral infectious agent) in different populations and risk groups.Social services workers in the Czech Republic have been on the frontline for the duration of the pandemic and have been required to work in a high-risk infectious environment. This has led to the need for changes in their established working practices and approaches. Considerable creativity had to be employed particularly in the first year of the pandemic due to the scarcity of information on the new viral agent, the availability of which increased only slowly as the scientific community studied and analysed the various factors involved. Globally, the scientific community released its experimental data as soon as it became available; however, unfortunately, due to the nature of biomedical research, the release of the outputs failed to match the time requirements for their necessity in practice.Based on qualitative and quantitative research, the following text provides an analysis of the specific measures and the related difficulties, and the struggle to find solutions, that providers of selected types of social services faced during the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.The survey results revealed that the issues in question had a common thread across the various types of social services, as well as a number of common features and challenges. The analysis of the results showed a noticeable shift between the initial period, which was characterised by the rapid onset of the spread of the pandemic, and the situation after 18 months of life under pandemic conditions, which was characterised by the lower incidence of problems and difficulties. One of the major outcomes of the study concerns the identification of the need for social service providers to be provided with a unified, clear and centrally managed process that is able to provide individualised methodological support. The results are based on a study conducted as part of "The Changes in Selected Social Services for People with Disabilities during the State of Emergency Instigated by a Viral Disease" project.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• přístup k informacím MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sociální práce organizace a řízení   MeSH
• sociální pracovníci * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• zjišťování skupinových postojů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH