Agriculture is the main occupation of the majority of people in India. The majority of the population in India is dependent (directly or indirectly) on agriculture as an occupation. The agriculture sector requires more freshwater and power for better yield in the current scenario. Nevertheless, the ever-increasing rate of energy consumption, limited fossil fuels, and rising pollution have made the expansion of renewable resources essential. Due to the suitable solar potential available in India, the deployment of solar energy has been more as compared to other renewable resources. The current study aims to discuss the various technologies, initiatives and policies of solar energy usage in agriculture. This work delivers an assessment of the advancement of solar energy vis-à-vis agricultural applications through the greenhouse concept and photovoltaic approach in India. Various agricultural applications of solar energy, such as solar water desalination system, solar water pumping system, solar crop dryer system for food safety, etc. are discussed as a means to promote solar-based technology. It also highlights the scenario of solar energy in India with important accomplishments, developmental approaches, and future potential. In-depth studies of various policies and government initiatives including those in research and development are also discussed. The current survey on solar technologies will be an aid to agribusiness frameworks to comprehend the statuses, obstructions, and extent of advancement. Finally, some future recommendations for further developments in this approach are discussed. This work sheds light on varied areas of solar energy-assisted agricultural systems as a potentially sustainable and eco-friendly pathway.

Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Ghent University 9000 Ghent Belgium

Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal Union Territory of Puducherry Puducherry 609609 India

Department of Mechanical Engineering VNR VJIET Nizampet Hyderabad Telangana 500090 India

Department of Power Engineering University of Chemistry and Technology 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic

Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Za Slovankou 1782 3 182 00 Prague 8 Czech Republic

School of Mechanical Engineering Lovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab 144001 India

Solar Energy Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal Union Territory of Puducherry Puducherry 609609 India

Uttaranchal Institute of Technology Uttaranchal University Dehradun Uttarakhand 248007 India

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Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jun;29(29):43635. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20454-0. PubMed

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Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Aug;29(36):53907-53933. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21369-6. PubMed

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