The mechanistic pathways connecting ocean-atmosphere variability and terrestrial productivity are well-established theoretically, but remain challenging to quantify empirically. Such quantification will greatly improve the assessment and prediction of changes in terrestrial carbon sequestration in response to dynamically induced climatic extremes. The jet stream latitude (JSL) over the North Atlantic-European domain provides a synthetic and robust physical framework that integrates climate variability not accounted for by atmospheric circulation patterns alone. Surface climate impacts of north-south summer JSL displacements are not uniform across Europe, but rather create a northwestern-southeastern dipole in forest productivity and radial-growth anomalies. Summer JSL variability over the eastern North Atlantic-European domain (5-40E) exerts the strongest impact on European beech, inducing anomalies of up to 30% in modelled gross primary productivity and 50% in radial tree growth. The net effects of JSL movements on terrestrial carbon fluxes depend on forest density, carbon stocks, and productivity imbalances across biogeographic regions.

Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Stirling Scotland FK9 4LA UK

Center for Mountain Economy CE MONT Vatra Dornei Romania

Chair of Forest Growth and Woody Biomass Production TU Dresden Dresden Germany

Dep Agricultural Forest and Food Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy

Department of Agroforestry Sciences University of Huelva Campus La Rábida Palos de la Frontera 21819 Huelva Spain

Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Pavia Pavia Italy

Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli 81100 Caserta Italy

Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture Slovenian Forestry Institute Ljubljana Slovenia

Department of Forestry University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan Triesdorf Freising Germany

Department of Geography and Planning School of Environmental Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZT United Kingdom

Dpto de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain

Dpto Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain

Dpto Sistemas Físicos Químicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de Olavide Sevilla Spain

Environmental Meteorology University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany

Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Department of Forest Ecology Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Czech Republic

Faculty of Forestry Sciences Agricultural University of Tirana 1029 Kodër Kamëz Tirana Albania

Faculty of Forestry University of Agriculture in Krakow Krakow Poland

Faculty of Forestry University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia

Faculty of Letters University of Bucharest Bucharest Romania

Forest Biometrics Laboratory Faculty of Forestry Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava Suceava Romania

Forest Growth and Dendroecology University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany

Forest is life Gembloux Agro Bio Tech University of Liege Gembloux Belgium

Forest Research Institute and Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Lomma Sweden

Institute for Advanced Study Technical University of Munich 85748 Garching Germany

Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria

Institute of Biology University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany

Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology Greifswald University Greifswald Germany

Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria

Laboratory of Tree Ring Research University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA

Land Surface Atmosphere Interactions Technical University of Munich Freising Germany

National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry Marin Drăcea Voluntari Romania

Nature Rings Environmental Research and Education Mainz Germany

Plant Ecology Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences Georg August University Goettingen Goettingen 37077 Germany

Pyrenean Institute of Ecology Zaragoza 50059 Spain

School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85719 USA

State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL 8903 Birmensdorf Switzerland

Transilvania University of Brasov Brasov Romania

TUM School of Life Sciences Ecoclimatology Technical University of Munich Freising Germany

University of Applied Forest Sciences Schadenweilerhof Rottenburg am Neckar Germany

University of Forestry Sofia Bulgaria

University of Primorska Faculty of Mathematics Natural Sciences and Information Technologies Koper Slovenia

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Jet stream controls on European climate and agriculture since 1300 CE

Responses of stem growth and canopy greenness of temperate conifers to dry spells

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