Mismanagement in foliar fertilizer application at different crop stages decreases the productivity of the crop. Likewise, higher application of phosphorus (P) beyond recommended application rates not only decrease zinc (Zn) uptake in rice but also increase fertilizer use cost. Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AMF) may optimize the uptake of P and improve crops production via organic secretions. That's why the current study was conducted to examine the individual and coordinated effects of 0.5% Zn (0.5Zn) foliar spray (tillering (T) and/or panicle (P) initiation stage) and AMF application. Application of foliar 0.5Zn at tillering+panicle stage remained significantly better for significant enhancement in plant height, spike length, gas exchange attributes and total chlorophyll contents than control. A significant decrease in electrolyte leakage Also validated the effectiveness of treatment 0.5ZnT+P compared to control. Compared to control, the maximum increase in N (14.5 and 25.7%), P (42.1 and 33.3%), K (22.2 and 30.0%) and Zn (19.3 and 27.8%) accumulation was also found in 0.5ZnT+P, with and without AMF, respectively. In conclusion, 0.5ZnT+P with AMF is a better approach than sole application of Zn at tillering or panicle initiation stages. Nevertheless, more investigations are suggested at field level under variable climatic zones to confirm the effectiveness of 0.5ZnT+P with AMF for improvement in rice growth and production.

Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad Punjab Pakistan

Department of Biology College of Science Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Department of Geology and Pedology Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology Mendel University in Brno Brno Czech Republic

Department of Plant Pathology Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan

Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences Amir Muhammad Khan Campus Mardan The University of Agriculture Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Punjab Pakistan

Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource College of Tropical Crops Hainan University Haikou China

Soil and Water Testing Laboratory Muzaffargarh Punjab Pakistan

PLoS One. 2022 Aug 31;17(8):e0273484. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273484. PubMed

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