We provide an explorative and international comparison of the governance models of academic medical centres (AMCs). These centres face significant challenges, including disruptive external pressures and enduring financial conflicts pertaining to patient treatment, research and education. Therefore, we covered 10 European countries (Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland and Spain) and one associated state (Israel) in our analysis. In addition, we developed an expert questionnaire to collect data on the governance of AMCs in these 11 countries. Our results revealed no standardised definition of AMCs, with countries combining patient care, education/teaching and research differently. However, the ownership of such institutions is significantly homogeneous and is limited to public or private, nonprofit ownership. Furthermore, significant differences are associated with the (functional) integration level between the hospital and medical school. Therefore, most experts believe that the governance of AMCs will evolve into a more functionally integrated model of patient care, research and education.

Ben Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva Israel

Center for Social and Economic Strategies Faculty of Socials Sciences Charles University Prague Czechia

Institute of Public Health Chair of Health Sciences Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland

Radboud Institute of Health Sciences Nijmegen The Netherlands

Radboud universitair medisch centrum Nijmegen The Netherlands

Riga Stradiņš University Riga Latvia

Section of Hygiene and Public Health Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy

The Smokler Center for Health Policy Research Myers JDC Brookdale Institute Jerusalem Israel; Department of Health Systems Management School of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences Ben Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva Israel; Department of Health Care Management Faculty of Economics and Management Technical University Berlin Germany

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