The physiological dependence of animals on dietary intake of vitamins, amino acids, and fatty acids is ubiquitous. Sharp differences in the availability of these vital dietary biomolecules among different resources mean that consumers must adopt a range of strategies to meet their physiological needs. We review the emerging work on omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, focusing predominantly on predator-prey interactions, to illustrate that trade-off between capacities to consume resources rich in vital biomolecules and internal synthesis capacity drives differences in phenotype and fitness of consumers. This can then feedback to impact ecosystem functioning. We outline how focus on vital dietary biomolecules in eco-eco-devo dynamics can improve our understanding of anthropogenic changes across multiple levels of biological organization.

Centro de Investigación Mariña Universidade de Vigo EcoCost Campus de Vigo As Lagoas Marcosende 36310 Vigo Spain

Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 7050 750 07 Uppsala Sweden

Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Seestrasse 79 CH 6047 Kastanienbaum Switzerland

Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Charles University CZ 12844 Prague Czech Republic

Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique CNRS Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3 31062 Toulouse France

School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine Graham Kerr Building College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK

Tvärminne Zoological Station University of Helsinki J A Palménin tie 260 Hanko 10900 Finland

University of Potsdam Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Am Mühlenberg 3 14476 Potsdam Germany

WasserCluster Lunz Biologische Station Inter university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research A 3293 Lunz am See Austria

WasserCluster Lunz Biologische Station Inter university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research A 3293 Lunz am See Austria; Danube University Krems Dr Karl Dorrek Straße 30 A 3500 Krems Austria

WasserCluster Lunz Biologische Station Inter university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research A 3293 Lunz am See Austria; Université de Brest CNRS IRD Ifremer LEMAR 29280 Plouzané Brittany France; UMR DECOD Ifremer INRAE Institut Agro Plouzané France

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