Centrosomes play a crucial role during immune cell interactions and initiation of the immune response. In proliferating cells, centrosome numbers are tightly controlled and generally limited to one in G1 and two prior to mitosis. Defects in regulating centrosome numbers have been associated with cell transformation and tumorigenesis. Here, we report the emergence of extra centrosomes in leukocytes during immune activation. Upon antigen encounter, dendritic cells pass through incomplete mitosis and arrest in the subsequent G1 phase leading to tetraploid cells with accumulated centrosomes. In addition, cell stimulation increases expression of polo-like kinase 2, resulting in diploid cells with two centrosomes in G1-arrested cells. During cell migration, centrosomes tightly cluster and act as functional microtubule-organizing centers allowing for increased persistent locomotion along gradients of chemotactic cues. Moreover, dendritic cells with extra centrosomes display enhanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines and optimized T cell responses. Together, these results demonstrate a previously unappreciated role of extra centrosomes for regular cell and tissue homeostasis.

BIOCEV 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Vestec Czech Republic

Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Castelldefels Spain

Institute of Genetics University of Bonn Bonn Germany

Institute of Science and Technology Austria Klosterneuburg Austria

Life and Medical Sciences Institute Cellular Immunology University of Bonn Bonn Germany

Life and Medical Sciences Institute Developmental Biology of the Immune System University of Bonn Bonn Germany

Life and Medical Sciences Institute Immune and Tumor Biology University of Bonn Bonn Germany

Life and Medical Sciences Institute Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology University of Bonn Bonn Germany

Life and Medical Sciences Institute Quantitative Systems Biology University of Bonn Bonn Germany

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