Rhizospheric melatonin application has a positive effect on the tolerance of plants to low temperature; however, it remains unknown whether the rhizosphere microorganisms are involved in this process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exogenous melatonin on the diversity and functioning of fungi and bacteria in rhizosphere of barley under low temperature. The results showed that rhizospheric melatonin application positively regulated the photosynthetic carbon assimilation and redox homeostasis in barley in response to low temperature. These effects might be associated with an altered diversity of microbial community in rhizosphere, especially the species and relative abundance of nitrogen cycling related microorganisms, as exemplified by the changes in rhizosphere metabolites in the pathways of amino acid synthesis and metabolism. Collectively, it was suggested that the altered rhizospheric microbial status upon melatonin application was associated with the response of barley to low temperature. This suggested that the melatonin induced microbial changes should be considered for its application in the crop cold-resistant cultivation.

Chinese Academy of Science Engineering Laboratory for Eco agriculture in Water Source of Liaoheyuan Chinese Academy of Science Changchun China

College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Department of Botany and Plant Physiology Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague Czechia

Department of Plant Physiology Slovak Agricultural University Nitra Slovakia

Faculty of Science Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Tåstrup Denmark

Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas Ministry of Education of China Northwest A and F University Yangling China

Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Science Changchun China

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