Secretoneurin (SN) is a 33 amino-acid evolutionary conserved neuropeptide from the chromogranin peptide family. SN's main effects may be cardioprotective and are believed to be mediated through its inhibition of calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), which influences intracellular calcium handling. SN inhibition of CaMKII suppresses calcium leakage from the sarcoplasmic reticulum through the ryanodine receptor. This action may reduce the risk of ventricular arrhythmias and calcium-dependent remodelling in heart failure. SN is also involved in reducing the intracellular reactive oxygen species concentration, modulating the immune response, and regulating the cell cycle, including apoptosis. SN can predict mortality in different disease states, beyond the classical risk factors and markers of myocardial injury. Plasma SN levels are elevated soon after an arrhythmogenic episode. In summary, SN is a novel biomarker with potential in cardiovascular medicine, and probably beyond.

Dept of Internal Medicine and Cardiology University Hospital Ostrava 70800 Ostrava Czech Republic

Institute of Laboratory Medicine University Hospital Ostrava 70800 Ostrava Czech Republic

Institute of Laboratory Medicine University of Ostrava 70103 Ostrava Czech Republic

Research Center for Internal and Cardiovascular Diseases Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava 70300 Ostrava Czech Republic

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