BACKGROUND: Lumbosacral plexopathy caused by radiotherapy is a rare but severe consequence of cancer treatment. This condition often leads to varying degrees of sensory and motor impairment. Neurological complications, which are typically permanent, manifest a long period after irradiation. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a case of progressive lower extremity weakness and sensory impairment in a woman who had been effectively treated with radiotherapy for cervical cancer with development 36 years after irradiation. The electrophysiological assessment revealed a subacute bilateral axonal lesion of the lumbosacral plexus. None of the clinical manifestations, serology, cerebrospinal fluid or imaging data discovered an explanation other than radiation-induced lumbosacral plexopathy (RILP). CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates that RILP may emerge more than 30 years after the radiotherapy.

Department of Neurology Center for Neuromuscular Diseases University Hospital Brno Jihlavska 20 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Radiation Oncology Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno Czech Republic

Department of Rehabilitation University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic

Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

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