Investigators in neuroscience have turned to Big Data to address replication and reliability issues by increasing sample sizes, statistical power, and representativeness of data. These efforts unveil new questions about integrating data arising from distinct sources and instruments. We focus on the most frequently assessed cognitive domain - memory testing - and demonstrate a process for reliable data harmonization across three common measures. We aggregated global raw data from 53 studies totaling N = 10,505 individuals. A mega-analysis was conducted using empirical bayes harmonization to remove site effects, followed by linear models adjusting for common covariates. A continuous item response theory (IRT) model estimated each individual's latent verbal learning ability while accounting for item difficulties. Harmonization significantly reduced inter-site variance while preserving covariate effects, and our conversion tool is freely available online. This demonstrates that large-scale data sharing and harmonization initiatives can address reproducibility and integration challenges across the behavioral sciences.

3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Brain Imaging and Analysis Center Duke University Durham NC

Brain Research Institute UCLA Los Angeles CA USA

British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute Vancouver BC Canada

Center for Autism Research Kessler Foundation East Hanover NJ USA

Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA

Center for Biobehavioral Health The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OH

Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics UC San Diego San Diego CA USA

Center for Traumatic Brain Injury Kessler Foundation East Hanover NJ

Center of Brain Behaviour and Metabolism University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany

Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders Louis A Faillace MD Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences McGovern Medical School The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA

Centers for Neuropsychology Neuroscience and Traumatic Brain Injury Research Kessler Foundation East Hanover NJ USA

Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental Madrid Spain

Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Centre of Psychosocial Medicine University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany

Cognitive Health Initiative Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia

Cognitive Neuroscience Unit School of Psychology Deakin University Geelong Australia

Department of Biological and Medical Psychology University of Bergen Bergen Norway

Department of Biomedical Engineering Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA

Department of Biomedicine University of Bergen Bergen Norway

Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences Seoul South Korea

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón IiSGM CIBERSAM School of Medicine Universidad Complutense Madrid Spain

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Department of Life Sciences College of Health Medicine and Life Sciences Brunel University London Uxbridge United Kingdom

Department of Medicine Royal Melbourne Hospital Melbourne VIC Australia

Department of Medicine The Royal Melbourne Hospital The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia

Department of Medicine University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand

Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston Salem NC

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Department of Neurology Hershey Medical Center State College PA 16801

Department of Neurology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY

Department of Neurology Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand Waitaha Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand

Department of Neurology Uniformed Services University Bethesda MD

Department of Neurology University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT 84132

Department of Neuropsychiatry Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea

Department of Neuroscience Monash University Melbourne Australia

Department of Neuroscience The Central Clinical School Alfred Health Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia

Department of Neuroscience Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda MD USA

Department of Neurosurgery David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA

Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia

Department of Pediatrics Division of Neurology UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital Los Angeles CA USA

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark NJ USA

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital Trondheim Norway

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA

Department of Psychiatry 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis MN

Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior UCLA Los Angeles CA USA

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Marburg Marburg Germany

Department of Psychiatry Dalhousie University Halifax Canada

Department of Psychiatry Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital IDIVAL School of Medicine University of Cantabria Santander Spain

Department of Psychiatry Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapiey Frankfurt University Frankfurt Germany

Department of Psychiatry Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Hospital Frankfurt Goethe University Frankfurt Germany

Department of Psychiatry Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea

Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada

Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA

Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA

Department of Psychiatry Virgen del Rocio University Hospital School of Medicine University of Seville IBIS Seville Spain

Department of Psychology Georgia State University Atlanta GA

Department of Psychology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway

Department of Psychology Penn State University State College PA 16801

Department of Psychology Phoenix VA Health Care System Phoenix AZ USA

Department of Psychology UCLA Los Angeles CA USA

Department of Psychology University of Oregon Eugene OR USA

Department of Psychology University of Oslo Oslo Norway

Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology Dornsife College of Arts and Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA

Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences and Psychiatry UC San Diego La Jolla CA USA

Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY

Departments of Neurology Pediatrics Psychiatry Radiology Engineering and Ophthalmology USC Los Angeles CA 90007

Division of Endocrinology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA

Division of Epidemiology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84132

Division of Psychiatry Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway

Eating Disorders Research and Treatment Center Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden Germany

Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center Leonard Davis School of Gerontology University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA

Faculty of Computer Science Dalhousie University Halifax NS Canada

FIDMAG Research Foundation Barcelona Spain

George E Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center Salt Lake City UT 84132

H Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX

Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata Tarragona Spain

Imaging Genetics Center Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute Keck School of Medicine of USC Marina del Rey CA 90007

Institut d'Investiació Sanitària Pere Virgili CERCA Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona Spain

Institute D'Or for Research and Education São Paulo Brazil

Institute for Translational Neuroscience University of Münster Münster Germany

Institute for Translational Psychiatry University of Münster Germany

Kessler Foundation East Hanover NJ USA

KG Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders University of Oslo Oslo Norway

Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS Rome Italy

Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston TX

Minneapolis VA Health Care System Minneapolis MN

National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic

National Intrepid Center of Excellence Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda MD

Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA

Neurosurgery Stanford School of Medicine Stanford CA USA

New Zealand Brain Research Institute Christchurch New Zealand

NorHEAD Norwegian Centre for Headache Research Trondheim Norway

NORMENT Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway

Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Ohio State Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH USA

Rehabilitation Medicine Department National Institutes of Health Clinical Center Bethesda MD

Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center Central Virginia VA Health Care System Richmond VA

Rocco Ortenzio Neuroimaging Center Kessler Foundation East Hanover NJ USA

School of Psychology Speech and Hearing University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand

Section of Pediatrics The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus Ohio USA

Social Life and Engineering Science Imaging Center Penn State University State College PA 16801

Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital Nesodden Norway

The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Melbourne Australia

Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden Germany

Translational Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany

Translational Research Centre University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Bern Bern Switzerland

Tri institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science Georgia State University Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University University Atlanta GA USA

Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health School of Psychological Sciences Monash University Clayton Melbourne VIC Australia

UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program Los Angeles CA USA

University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Bern Bern Switzerland

University of Basel Department of Psychiatry Basel Switzerland

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