The International Maritime Organization has set a goal to achieve a 50% reduction of total annual greenhouse gas emission related to the international shipping by 2050 compared to the 2008 baseline emissions. Malaysia government has taken an initiative to investigate the assessment (cost-effectiveness) of this International Maritime Organization's short-term measure on Malaysian-registered domestic ships although this measure is only for international merchant ship. To achieve this, this paper collected the ship's data from the shipowners from 25 sample ships. Engine power limitation is the most cost-effective option, but low power limits can lead to substantially increased sailing times. Based on cost-efficiency analysis, it creates for the purpose of compliance with the operational carbon intensity indicator. It found that even if it is possible to bring an asset back into service, it may not be possible to do so in a manner that generates a profit or complies with applicable regulations. In these situations, it may be more prudent to scrap the asset rather than run the risk of having it become a stranded asset. This is especially true for older tankers. Alternatives with lengthy payback periods are not desirable for the domestic tanker fleet that is already in operation.

Department of Chemical Engineering COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus Lahore Punjab 54000 Pakistan; Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory SPIL NETME Centre Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Brno University of Technology VUT Brno Technická 2896 2 616 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Petroleum Engineering School of Engineering Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Faculty of Maritime Studies Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia

Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Malaysia

School of Technology Management and Logistics Universiti Utara Malaysia 06010 Sintok Kedah Darul Aman Malaysia

Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection Wenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 China; Department of Chemical Engineering Khalifa University Shakhbout Bin Sultan St Zone 1 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates; Department of Sustainable Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering SIMATS Chennai 602105 India; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia 43500 Semenyih Selangor Malaysia

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