Cysts and trophozoites of vestibuliferid ciliates and larvae of Strongyloides were found in fecal samples from captive orangutans Pongo pygmaeus and P. abelii from Czech and Slovak zoological gardens. As comparative material, ciliates from semi-captive mandrills Mandrillus sphinx from Gabon were included in the study. Phylogenetic analysis of the detected vestibuliferid ciliates using ITS1-5.8s-rRNA-ITS2 and partial 18S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) revealed that the ciliates from orangutans are conspecific with Balantioides coli lineage A, while the ciliates from mandrills clustered with Buxtonella-like ciliates from other primates. Morphological examination of the cysts and trophozoites using light microscopy did not reveal differences robust enough to identify the genera of the ciliates. Phylogenetic analysis of detected L1 larvae of Strongyloides using partial cox1 revealed Strongyloides stercoralis clustering within the cox1 lineage A infecting dogs, humans, and other primates. The sequences of 18S rDNA support these results. As both B. coli and S. stercoralis are zoonotic parasites and the conditions in captive and semi-captive settings may facilitate transmission to humans, prophylactic measures should reflect the findings.

Centre de Primatologie Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville Franceville Gabon

Department of Anthropology and Behaviour Ecology and Evolution Research Centre Durham University Durham UK

Department of Botany and Zoology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals Game Fish and Bees Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology University of Veterinary Sciences Brno Czech Republic

Department of Pathology and Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Veterinary Sciences Brno Czech Republic

Department of Psychology Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling Scotland

Department of Veterinary Sciences Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources CINeZ Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Czech Republic

Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice Czech Republic

Institute of Vertebrate Biology Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech Republic

Liberec Zoo Liberec Czech Republic

Prague Zoo Prague Czech Republic

Ústí nad Labem Zoo Ústí nad Labem Czech Republic

Veterinary Research Institute Brno Czech Republic

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