Industrial processes generate various quantities of waste that can be contaminated with radionuclides of natural origin (naturally occurring radioactive material ('NORM waste')). The efficient management of this waste is essential for any industries affected by NORM waste generation. To obtain an overview of current practices and approaches in Europe, the IRPA Task Group on NORM conducted a survey among task group members and other experts from European countries. The results revealed significant differences in methods and approaches in the European countries. In many countries, landfills are used to dispose of small- and medium-sized quantities of NORM waste with limited activity concentration. But our survey indicated that despite a uniform reference basis for national legislation in Europe, there are different framework conditions for the disposal of NORM waste in practice. In some countries, the disposal is hampered because the interface between the radiation protection system and the waste regime is not yet clearly regulated. Particular practical problems include the lack of acceptance of waste because of the 'radioactivity' stigma and only vague specifications by the legislators on acceptance obligations of the waste management sector.

AMPHOS 21 Consulting S L Barcelona Spain

Federal Agency for Nuclear Control Brussels Belgium

IAF Radioökologie GmbH Radeberg Germany

Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire Fontenay aux Roses France

JRHC Enterprises Pty Ltd Stirling SA Australia

Mott MacDonald Altrincham United Kingdom

National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work Rome Italy

National Radiation Protection Institute Prague Czech Republic

Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B 5 Assen The Netherlands

Nuclear Control and Consulting GmbH Braunschweig Germany

Silesian Centre for Environmental Radioactivity Central Mining Institute Katowice Poland

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