Ultrasound has emerged as a highly valuable tool in imaging peripheral nerve lesions in the wrist region, particularly for common pathologies such as carpal tunnel and Guyon's canal syndromes. Extensive research has demonstrated nerve swelling proximal to the entrapment site, an unclear border, and flattening as features of nerve entrapments. However, there is a dearth of information regarding small or terminal nerves in the wrist and hand. This article aims to bridge this knowledge gap by providing a comprehensive overview concerning scanning techniques, pathology, and guided-injection methods for those nerve entrapments. The median nerve (main trunk, palmar cutaneous branch, and recurrent motor branch), ulnar nerve (main trunk, superficial branch, deep branch, palmar ulnar cutaneous branch, and dorsal ulnar cutaneous branch), superficial radial nerve, posterior interosseous nerve, palmar common/proper digital nerves, and dorsal common/proper digital nerves are elaborated in this review. A series of ultrasound images are used to illustrate these techniques in detail. Finally, sonographic findings complement electrodiagnostic studies, providing better insight into understanding the whole clinical scenario, while ultrasound-guided interventions are safe and effective for treating relevant nerve pathologies.

Center for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Wang Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei 11600 Taiwan

Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Hacettepe University Medical School Ankara 20157 Turkey

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei 10048 Taiwan

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation National Taiwan University Hospital Bei Hu Branch Taipei 10845 Taiwan

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Charles University 12800 Prague Czech Republic

Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit Luigi Sacco University Hospital ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco 20157 Milan Italy

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