Effectual air quality monitoring network (AQMN) design plays a prominent role in environmental engineering. An optimal AQMN design should consider stations' mutual information and system uncertainties for effectiveness. This study develops a novel optimization model using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). The Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) method generates potential stations as the input of a framework based on the transinformation entropy (TE) method to maximize the coverage and minimize the probability of selecting stations. Also, the fuzzy degree of membership and the nonlinear interval number programming (NINP) approaches are used to survey the uncertainty of the joint information. To obtain the best Pareto optimal solution of the AQMN characterization, a robust ranking technique, called Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) approach, is utilized to select the most appropriate AQMN properties. This methodology is applied to Los Angeles, Long Beach, and Anaheim in California, USA. Results suggest using 4, 4, and 5 stations to monitor CO, NO2, and ozone, respectively; however, implementing this recommendation reduces coverage by 3.75, 3.75, and 3 times for CO, NO2, and ozone, respectively. On the positive side, this substantially decreases TE for CO, NO2, and ozone concentrations by 8.25, 5.86, and 4.75 times, respectively.

Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Shiraz University Shiraz Iran

Department of Environmental Sciences University of California Riverside USA

Department of Soils Water and Agricultural Engineering Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman

Department of Systems Engineering Faculty of Economics VŠB Technical University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic

Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney Ultimo NSW 2007 Australia

University Research and Innovation Center Óbuda University 1034 Budapest Hungary

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