The neotropical Apicotermitinae is a common and widespread clade of mostly soil-feeding soldierless termites. With few exceptions, species of this group were originally assigned to the genus Anoplotermes Müller, 1873. The application of internal worker morphology coupled with genetic sequencing has recently shed light on the true diversity of this subfamily. Herein, Anoplotermessusanae Scheffrahn, Carrijo & Castro, sp. nov. and four new species in four new genera are described: Hirsutitermeskanzakii Scheffrahn, Carrijo & Castro, gen. nov. et sp. nov., Krecekitermesdaironi Scheffrahn, Carrijo & Castro, gen. nov. et sp. nov., Mangolditermescurveileum Scheffrahn, Carrijo & Castro, gen. nov. et sp. nov., and Ourissotermesgiblinorum Scheffrahn, Carrijo & Castro, gen. nov. et sp. nov. Worker descriptions are based mainly on worker gut morphology, including the enteric valve, while imagoes were described based on external characters. A Bayesian phylogenetic tree of New World Apicotermitinae was constructed using the complete mitogenome to infer genera relationships and corroborate the taxonomic decisions. Distribution maps and a dichotomic key to the known Neotropical Apicotermitinae genera are provided.

Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas Universidade Federal do ABC Av dos Estados 5001 Sta Terezinha 09210 580 Santo André SP Brazil

Colombia

Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Université Libre de Bruxelles Avenue F D Roosevelt 50 1050 Brussels Belgium

Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Czech Republic

Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas SINCHI Avenida Vásquez Cobo Calles 15 y 16 Leticia

Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo Cx Postal 42391 CEP 04218 970 São Paulo SP Brazil

Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919 1 Tancha Onna son Okinawa 904 0495 Japan

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