Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is an important marker of future atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, especially in people with diabetes. This article summarizes the evidence on endothelial dysfunction in people with diabetes and adds different perspectives that can affect the presence and severity of ED and its consequences. We highlight that data on ED in type 1 diabetes are lacking and discuss the relationship between ED and arterial stiffness. Several interesting studies have been published showing that ED modulates microRNA, microvesicles, lipid levels, and the endoplasmatic reticulum. A better understanding of ED could provide important insights into the microvascular complications of diabetes, their treatment, and even their prevention.

1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University 14021 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK

Diabetes Center Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust Ashton under Lyne OL6 9RW UK

Diabetes Centre Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine 14021 Prague Czech Republic

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