Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is an important marker of future atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, especially in people with diabetes. This article summarizes the evidence on endothelial dysfunction in people with diabetes and adds different perspectives that can affect the presence and severity of ED and its consequences. We highlight that data on ED in type 1 diabetes are lacking and discuss the relationship between ED and arterial stiffness. Several interesting studies have been published showing that ED modulates microRNA, microvesicles, lipid levels, and the endoplasmatic reticulum. A better understanding of ED could provide important insights into the microvascular complications of diabetes, their treatment, and even their prevention.

• MeSH
• ateroskleróza * komplikace   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu * komplikace   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * komplikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Older people often suffer from different types of ulcers, with the most prevalent being chronic leg ulcers (CLUs) and diabetic foot ulcers. There are major issues in the current medical approach because these ulcers are hard to heal, and, in the case of CLUs, very painful and with a high frequency of relapse. Older people complain of pain more frequently than young people, frequently due to a combination of painful chronic wounds with other comorbidities (e.g. arthritis, peripheral arterial disease, vertebrogenic pain syndrome). However, chronic pain appears to be managed better by older people because the pain sensitivity is downregulated and the pain threshold is higher in older people. Pain management of chronic wounds is often insufficient, especially in older individuals. It is highly important to use non-traumatic wound dressings and pay attention to patients' feelings and fears because pain in chronic ulcers can impair wound healing. Key factors include good preparation for dressing change and adequate analgesia, ideally a combination of topical and oral agents.

• MeSH
• bolest MeSH
• diabetická noha * komplikace   MeSH
• hojení ran MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• management bolesti * MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• obvazy škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH