BACKGROUND: Since publication of the original Position Paper on Olfactory Dysfunction in 2017 (PPOD-17), the personal and societal burden of olfactory disorders has come sharply into focus through the lens of the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinicians, scientists and the public are now more aware of the importance of olfaction, and the impact of its dysfunction on quality of life, nutrition, social relationships and mental health. Accordingly, new basic, translational and clinical research has resulted in significant progress since the PPOD-17. In this updated document, we present and discuss currently available evidence for the diagnosis and management of olfactory dysfunction. Major updates to the current version include, amongst others: new recommendations on olfactory related terminology; new imaging recommendations; new sections on qualitative OD and COVID-19 OD; updated management section. Recommendations were agreed by all co-authors using a modified Delphi process. CONCLUSIONS: We have provided an overview of current evidence and expert-agreed recommendations for the definition, investigation, and management of OD. As for our original Position Paper, we hope that this updated document will encourage clinicians and researchers to adopt a common language, and in so doing, increase the methodological quality, consistency, and generalisability of work in this field.

Center for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing Linacre College University of Oxford Oxford UK

Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine Hôpital du Sacré Coeur de Montréal Montréal QC Canada

CIBERES Barcelona Catalonia Spain

Department of Clinical Medicine Flavour Institute Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

Department of Clinical Surgery Universidade Estadual de Londrina and Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná Londrina Brazil

Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences Section of Otolaryngology University of Trieste Trieste Italy

Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Unit KU Leuven Belgium

Department of Neurosciences DNS Otolaryngology Section University Padua Italy

Department of Neurosciences Experimental Otorhinolaryngology KU Leuven Belgium

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Asian Hospital and Medical Center Muntinlupa Philippines

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Indiana University of School Medicine Indianapolis IN USA

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Philippine General Hospital University of the Philippines Manila Manila Philippines

Department of Otolaryngology Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA

Department of Otolaryngology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA

Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Hospital Pardubice Faculty of Health Studies University of Pardubice Pardubice Czech Republic

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Cairo University Cairo Egypt

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Cliniques universitaires Saint Luc Brussels Belgium

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Faculty of Medicine National University of Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Konkuk University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery St Luke's Medical Center Global City Philippines

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Istanbul Surgery Hospital Istanbul Turkey

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Jikei University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Kanazawa Medical University Uchinada Kahoku Ishikawa Japan

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Medical Center Taguig Taguig Philippines

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

Department of Otorhinolaryngology University Clinic for Flavour Balance and Sleep Regional Hospital Gødstrup Herning Denmark

Department of Otorhinolaryngology University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital Delhi India

Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Auckland New Zealand

Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Jena Jena Germany

Department of Otorhinolaryngology UZ Leuven Belgium

Department of Surgery Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia

Division of Surgery and Interventional Science University College London London UK

ENT Clinic University of Insubria ASST Sette Laghi Varese Italy

ENT Department Homerton Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust London UK

Faculté de Médecine Université Catholique de Bukavu Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo

Guys and St Thomas NHS Trust London United Kingdom

Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo

IDIBAPS

Institute of Neuroscience Université catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium

Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich UK

Research Chair in Chemosensory Neuroanatomy Department of Anatomy Université du Québec à Trois Rivières Trois Rivières QC Canada

Rhinology Olfactology Unit Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery University Hospital of Geneva Medical School Geneva Switzerland

Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic ENT Department Hospital Clínic Universitat de Barcelona

Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital UCLH London

Section of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences Chicago IL USA

Section of Rhinology Department of Otorhinolaryngology Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden

Service Médecine Physique Réadaptation fonctionnelle Institut Mohamed Kassab d'Orthopédie Mannouba Tunisia

Servicio de Otorrinolaringología Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina

Smell and Taste Clinic 2nd Academic Otorhinolaryngology Department Papageorgiou Hospital Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece

Smell and Taste Clinic Department of Otorhinolaryngology TU Dresden Dresden Germany

The Centre for Olfactory Research and Applications Institute of Philosophy School of Advanced Studies University of London London UK

The Institute for Nose and Sinus Therapy and Clinical Investigations Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Edith Wolfson Medical Center Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine Holon Israel

The Smell and Taste Clinic James Paget University Hospital Gorleston UK

UCL Cancer Institute University College London London UK

UCL Ear Institute Faculty of Brain Sciences University College London London UK

University Hospital Basel Otorhinolaryngology Basel Switzerland

Citace poskytuje Crossref.org

Olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) and trigeminal event-related potentials (TERPs) in subjects after Covid-19 infection: single-center prospective study