Kalaharia uncinata (Schinz) Moldenke, is a tropical erect bushy shrub or subshrub of the Lamiaceae family. It is an endemic plant species of Southern Africa, widely used in the pharmacopoeia against upper respiratory tract infections. A previously conducted ethnobotanical survey revealed that it is believed to contain bioactive substances. However, no relevant phytochemical information was available. This study aimed to perform a phytochemical characterization of K. uncinata and also to discuss the potential bioactivity of the identified phytochemical constituents based on documented data. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) was used for profiling and identification of the main phytochemical constituents from leaf extracts (MeOH 90 %, DCM, AcOEt, BuOH, hexane and residue) of K.uncinata. Twenty-four constituents, representing mainly flavonoids (14), followed by phenylethanoid glycosides (7), phenolic acids (2), and an iridoid glycoside (1) were tentatively identified. Most of the identified compounds are documented to have antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, which could possibly be the rationale behind the use of K. uncinata against upper respiratory tract infections.

Department of Environmental Sciences Kinshasa University Kinshasa XI BP 127 Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo

Faculty of Agronomic Sciences Kongo University 23 Avenue Kolo BP 202 Mbanza Ngungu Kongo Central Province Democratic Republic of Congo

Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Kamycka 129 165 00 Praha Suchdol Czech Republic

Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture and Ethnobotany Ghent University Coupure Links 653 B 9000 Ghent Belgium

Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 BE 2610 Antwerp Belgium

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