We have previously identified a unique disulfide bond in the crystal structure of Arabidopsis cytosolic seryl-tRNA synthetase involving cysteines evolutionarily conserved in all green plants. Here, we discovered that both cysteines are important for protein stability, but with opposite effects, and that their microenvironment may promote disulfide bond formation in oxidizing conditions. The crystal structure of the C244S mutant exhibited higher rigidity and an extensive network of noncovalent interactions correlating with its higher thermal stability. The activity of the wild-type showed resistance to oxidation with H2 O2 , while the activities of cysteine-to-serine mutants were impaired, indicating that the disulfide link may enable the protein to function under oxidative stress conditions which can be beneficial for an efficient plant stress response.

Central European Institute of Technology Brno Czech Republic

Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Division of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia

Division of General and Inorganic Chemistry Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia

National Centre for Biomolecular Research Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

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