Aim of this paper is to evaluate short and long-term changes in T2 relaxation times after radiotherapy in patients with low and intermediate risk localized prostate cancer. A total of 24 patients were selected for this retrospective study. Each participant underwent 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging on seven separate occasions: initially after the implantation of gold fiducials, the required step for Cyberknife therapy guidance, followed by MRI scans two weeks post-therapy and monthly thereafter. As part of each MRI scan, the prostate region was manually delineated, and the T2 relaxation times were calculated for quantitative analysis. The T2 relaxation times between individual follow-ups were analyzed using Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance that revealed a significant difference across all measurements (F (6, 120) = 0.611, p << 0.001). A Bonferroni post hoc test revealed significant differences in median T2 values between the baseline and subsequent measurements, particularly between pre-therapy (M0) and two weeks post-therapy (M1), as well as during the monthly interval checks (M2 - M6). Some cases showed a delayed decrease in relaxation times, indicating the prolonged effects of therapy. The changes in T2 values during the course of radiotherapy can help in monitoring radiotherapy response in unconfirmed patients, quantifying the scarring process, and recognizing the therapy failure.

Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science VSB Technical University of Ostrava 17 listopadu 15 Ostrava Poruba 708 00 Czech Republic

Department of Imaging Methods Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic

Department of Oncology University Hospital Ostrava 70852 Ostrava Czech Republic

Department of Radiology University Hospital Ostrava Czech Republic

Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava 70300 Ostrava Czech Republic

Institute of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava 70300 Ostrava Czech Republic

Institute of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics University Hospital Ostrava 70852 Ostrava Czech Republic

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