OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess the factors determining the work of nurses in internal medicine departments. METHODS: The study was multicentre, cross-sectional, and observational. The selection of the research group was intentional. The subject of the study were 209 nurses working in 11 internal medicine departments in 10 hospitals in the region of southern Poland. RESULTS: The number of patients cared for by one nurse, nurses' participation in the decision-making process, and nurses' age were shown to be direct predictors of emotional exhaustion. The number of patients cared for by a single nurse, nurses' participation in the decision-making process, and age were direct predictors of depersonalization. It was shown that significant (p < 0.05) independent (multivariate analysis) variables of the job satisfaction subscale were information on support for nurses at work by managerial staff and nurses' participation in the decision-making process. After analysing the impact of socio-demographic factors on the nurses' working environment, it was found that the participation of nurses in the decision-making process was significantly lower in the youngest group than in the other age groups (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Participation of nurses in the decision-making process is a direct determinant of occupational burnout. A higher number of patients under the care of a nurse, lack of participation in the decision-making process and a higher age of nurses are predictors of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization.

Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Nursing Institute of Nursing and Midwifery Faculty of Health Sciences Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland

Department of Nursing Management and Epidemiology Nursing Institute of Nursing and Midwifery Faculty of Health Sciences Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland

Laboratory of Theory and Fundamentals of Nursing Institute of Nursing and Midwifery Faculty of Health Sciences Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Jakimiuk B. [Working environment as an area of building self-esteem and relationships with other people]. Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska Sect J. 2016;29(4):43-54. Polish. DOI

Kułagowska E. [Working conditions in operating rooms]. Med Pr. 2007;58(1):1-5. Polish.

Włodarczyk D, Tobolska B. [Professional image of nurses as perceived by doctors, patients and nurses themselves]. Med Pr. 2011;62(3):269-79. Polish.

Kuriata E, Felińczak A, Grzebiieluch J, Szachniewicz M. [Harmful factors and workload of nurses at hospitals]. Część II Piel Zdr Publ. 2011;1(3):269-73. Polish

Ogata Y, Katsuyama K, Tanaka S, Nagano M, Yumoto Y, Ikeda M. Characteristics of the nursing practice environment related to creating healthy work environments for nurses [Internet]. Indiana: STTI; 2017 [cited 2023 March 30]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10755/621279.

Han RM, Carter P, Champion JD. Relationships among factors affecting advanced practice registered nurses' job satisfaction and intent to leave: a systematic review. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2018;30(2):101-13. DOI

Aiken LH, Clarke SP, Sloane DM. Hospital staffing, organization, and quality of care: cross-national findings. Nurs Outlook. 2002;50(5):187-94. DOI

Grumbach K, Ash M, Seago JA, Spetz J, Coffman J. Measuring shortages of hospital nurses: how do you know a hospital with a nursing shortage when you see one? Med Care Res Rev. 2001;58(4):387-403. DOI

Seidler A, Thinschmidt M, Deckert S, Then F, Hegewald J, Nieuwenhuijsen K, et al. The role of psychosocial working conditions on burnout and its core component emotional exhaustion - a systematic review. J Occup Med Toxic 2014;9(1):10. doi: 10.1186/1745-6673-9-10. DOI

Marian M, Borza A, Filimon L, Marginean I. Psychosocial determinants of burnout syndrome: metaanalitic study. JPER. 2011;19:78-93.

Stordeur S, D'hoore W, Vanderberghe C. Leadership, organizational stress, and emotional exhaustion among hospital nursing staff. J Adv Nurs 2001;35(4):533-42. DOI

Maresca G, Corallo F, Catanese G, Formica C, Lo Buono V. Coping strategies of healthcare professionals with burnout syndrome: a systematic review. Medicina. 2022;58(2):327. doi: 10.3390/medicina58020327. DOI

Van Bogaert P, Timmermans O, Weeks SM, van Heusden D, Wouters K, Franck E. Nursing unit teams matter: impact of unit-level nurse practice environment, nurse work characteristics, and burnout on nurse reported job outcomes, and quality of care, and patient adverse events - a cross-sectional survey. Int J Nurs Stud. 2014;51(8):1123-34. DOI

Przewoźniak L, Kózka M, Cisek M, Gajda K, Brzyski P, Ogarek M, et al. [Organization and the scope of the RN4CAST (Registered Nurse Forecasting) study concerning planning of nursing workforce in Poland]. Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie. 2012;10(2):267-76. Polish.

Misener TR, Cox DL. Development of the Misener Nurse Practitioner Job Satisfaction Scale. J Nurs Meas. 2001;9(1):91-108. DOI

Aiken LH, Sermeus W, Van den Heede K, Sloane DM, Busse R, McKee M, et al. Patient safety, satisfaction, and quality of hospital care: cross sectional surveys of nurses and patients in 12 countries in Europe and the United States. BMJ. 2012 Mar 20;344:e1717. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e1717. DOI

Cimiotti JP, Aiken LH, Sloane DM, Wu ES. Nurse staffing, burnout, and health care-associated infection. Am J Infect Control. 2012;40(6):486-90. DOI

Malinowska-Lipień I, Micek A, Gabryś T, Kózka M, Gajda K, Gniadek A, et al. Impact of the work environment on patients' safety as perceived by nurses in Poland - a cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(22):12057. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182212057. DOI

Basińska BA, Wilczek-Rużyczka E. The role of rewards and demands in burnout among surgical nurses. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2013;26(4):593-604. DOI

Cisek M, Przewoźniak L, Kózka M, Brzostek T, Brzyski P, Ogarek M, et al. [Workload during the last shift in the opinion of hospital nurses involved in RN4CAST project]. Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie 2013;11(2):210-24. Polish.

Maslach C, Jackson S. The measurement of experienced burnout. J Occup Behav. 1981;2(2):99-113.

Piotrowski A, Sygit-Kowalkowska E, Boe O, Rawat S. Resilience, occupational stress, job satisfaction, and intention to leave the organization among nurses and midwives during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 2;19(11):6826. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116826. DOI

Dębska G, Kadučáková H, Krátká A, Pasek M. Assessment of psychological burden and occupational burnout in nurses working in Intensive Care Units in Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Clin Soc Work Health Interv. 2019;10(2):53-61. DOI

Radosz-Knawa Z, Kamińska A, Malinowska-Lipień I, Brzostek T, Gniadek, A. Factors influencing the rationing of nursing care in selected Polish hospitals. Healthcare. 2022;10(11):2190. doi: 10.22359/cswhi_10_2_08. DOI

Ahmadi O, Azizkhani R, Basravi M. Correlation between workplace and occupational burnout syndrome in nurses. Adv Biomed Res. 2014;3:44. doi: 10.4103/2277-9175.125751. DOI

Upenieks VV, Kotlerman J, Akhavan J, Esser J, Ngo MJ. Assessing nursing staffing ratios: variability in workload intensity. Policy Polit Nurs Pract. 2007;8(1):7-19. DOI

Twigg D, Duffield C. A review of workload measures: a context for a new staffing methodology in Western Australia. Int J Nurs Stud. 2009;46(1):131-9. DOI