BACKGROUND: In this priority-setting exercise, we sought to identify leading research priorities needed for strengthening future pandemic preparedness and response across countries. METHODS: The International Society of Global Health (ISoGH) used the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method to identify research priorities for future pandemic preparedness. Eighty experts in global health, translational and clinical research identified 163 research ideas, of which 42 experts then scored based on five pre-defined criteria. We calculated intermediate criterion-specific scores and overall research priority scores from the mean of individual scores for each research idea. We used a bootstrap (n = 1000) to compute the 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Key priorities included strengthening health systems, rapid vaccine and treatment production, improving international cooperation, and enhancing surveillance efficiency. Other priorities included learning from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, managing supply chains, identifying planning gaps, and promoting equitable interventions. We compared this CHNRI-based outcome with the 14 research priorities generated and ranked by ChatGPT, encountering both striking similarities and clear differences. CONCLUSIONS: Priority setting processes based on human crowdsourcing - such as the CHNRI method - and the output provided by ChatGPT are both valuable, as they complement and strengthen each other. The priorities identified by ChatGPT were more grounded in theory, while those identified by CHNRI were guided by recent practical experiences. Addressing these priorities, along with improvements in health planning, equitable community-based interventions, and the capacity of primary health care, is vital for better pandemic preparedness and response in many settings.

African Studies University of Vienna Austria

Algebra University College Zagreb Croatia

Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China

Centre for Global Health Usher Institute University of Edinburgh UK

Children and Mother Health Movement Action Yogyakarta Indonesia

Children's Investment Fund Foundation London UK

Clemson University USA

Croatian Institute for Brain Research Zagreb University School of Medicine Zagreb Croatia

Croatian Science Foundation Zagreb Croatia

Department of Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine Manipal University College Malaysia Melaka Malaysia

Department of Health Policy and Administration The Pennsylvania State University USA

Department of Hematology Dubrava University Hospital Zagreb Croatia

Department of Medicine Ziauddin Medical University Karachi Pakistan

Department of Nutrition University of Oslo Norway

Department of Public Health and Recreation San José State University San Jose California USA

Department of Public Health Policy and Systems The University of Liverpool UK

Department of Sociology and Behavioral Sciences De La Salle University Manila Philippines

Editor Journal of Global Health Reports Washington USA

Egyptian Representative Committee of Fellows of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Oxford UK and Royal Berkshire Hospital NHS UK

Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK

Gombe State University Gombe Nigeria

Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangzhou China

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore USA

Jos University Teaching Hospital Nigeria

Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

Lagos State University Ojo Lagos Nigeria

Massachusetts General Hospital Boston USA

National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz Mexico City Mexico

Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway

Oasi Research Institute IRCCS Troina Italy

Olomouc University Social Health Institute Palacký University Olomouc Czechia

Pasteur Institute Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia

Public Health Development Organization El Paso USA

Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh UK

School of Biosciences Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia

School of Health and Life Sciences Teesside University UK

School of Health Humanities Peking University Beijing China

School of Information Science and Technology Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China

School of Medicine University of Zagreb Croatia

School of Public Health and Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine China

School of Social Sciences Monash University Australia

Seberang Jaya Hospital Ministry of Health Malaysia

Social Policy Research Centre Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity University of New South Wales Sydney Australia

Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa

The Task force for Global Health Addis Ababa Ethiopia

The World Bank Washington USA

Universidad Adolfo Ibañez Santiago Chile

Universidad San Sebastián Santiago Chile

Universitas Pelita Harapan Jakarta Indonesia

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

University of Bradford UK

University of Catania Italy

University of Dhaka Bangladesh

University of Nigeria Enugu Campus Nigeria

University of Puthisastra Phnom Penh Cambodia

Usher Institute University of Edinburgh UK

Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar Doha Qatar

World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland

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