BACKGROUND AND OBJECITVES: The currently available kidney volume normative values in children are restricted to small populations from single-centre studies not assessing kidney function and including none or only a small number of adolescents. This study aimed to obtain ultrasound-based kidney volume normative values derived from a large European White/Caucasian paediatric population with normal kidney function. METHODS: After recruitment of 1427 children aged 0-19 years, 1396 individuals with no history of kidney disease and normal estimated glomerular filtration rate were selected for the sonographic evaluation of kidney volume. Kidney volume was correlated with age, height, weight, body surface area and body mass index. Kidney volume curves and tables related to anthropometric parameters were generated using the LMS method. Kidney volume predictors were evaluated using multivariate regression analysis with collinearity checks. RESULTS: No clinically significant differences in kidney volume in relation to height were found between males and females, between supine and prone position and between left and right kidneys. Males had, however, larger age-related kidney volumes than females in most age categories. For the prediction of kidney volume, the highest coefficient correlation was observed for body surface area (r = 0.94), followed by weight (r = 0.92), height (r = 0.91), age (r = 0.91), and body mass index (r = 0.67; p < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS: This study presents LMS-percentile curves and tables for kidney volume which can be used as reference values for children aged 0-19 years.

Department of Biochemistry and Experimental Medicine Children's Memorial Health Institute Warsaw Poland

Department of Nephrology Kidney Transplantation and Hypertension Children's Memorial Health Institute Warsaw Poland

Department of Paediatrics Paediatric Nephrology and Allergology The Military Institute of Medicine Warsaw Poland

Department of Pediatrics Immunology and Nephrology Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute Łódź Poland

Department of Pediatrics University Hospital Ostrava and Medical Faculty University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic

Department of Radiology Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute Łódź Poland

Department of Radiology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland

Division of Nephrology Department of Pediatrics The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Ottawa Canada

DOGZ Studio Warsaw Poland

Faculty of Medicine Collegium Medicum Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University Warsaw Poland

Institute of Clinical Medicine Clinic of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania

Outpatient Clinic Esculap Gniewkowo Poland

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