Increasing aquaculture cultivation produces large quantities of wastewater. If not handled properly, it can have negative impacts on the environment. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are one of the phytoremediation methods that can be applied to treat aquaculture effluent. This research was aimed at determining the performance of Cyperus rotundus in removing COD, BOD, TSS, turbidity, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate from the batch CW system. Treatment was carried out for 30 days with variations in the number of plants (10, 15, and 20) and variations in media height (10, 12, and 14 cm). The result showed that aquaculture effluent contains high levels of organic compounds and nutrients, and C. rotundus can grow and thrive in 100% of aquaculture effluent. Besides that, the use of C. rotundus in CWs with the effect of numbers of plants and media height showed performance of COD, BOD, TSS, turbidity, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate with 70, 79, 90, 96, 64, 82, 92, and 48% of removal efficacy, respectively. There was no negative impact observed on C. rotundus growth after exposure to aquaculture effluent, as indicated by the increase in wet weight, dry weight, and growth rate when compared to the control. Thus, adding aquaculture effluent to CWs planted with C. rotundus supports the growth and development of plants while also performing phytoremediation.

Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia

Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia; Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Bangi Selangor 43600 Malaysia

Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology Centre Algatech Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Opatovický mlýn Novohradská 237 379 81 Třeboň Czech Republic

Study Program of Environmental Engineering Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Campus C UNAIR Jalan Mulyorejo Surabaya 60115 Indonesia

Study Program of Environmental Engineering Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Campus C UNAIR Jalan Mulyorejo Surabaya 60115 Indonesia; Department of Water Management Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technology Stevinweg 1 CN Delft 2628 Netherlands

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