Magnetism in two dimensions is traditionally considered an exotic phase mediated by spin fluctuations, but far from collinearly ordered in the ground state. Recently, 2D magnetic states have been discovered in layered van der Waals compounds. Their robust and tunable magnetic state by material composition, combined with reduced dimensionality, foresee a strong potential as a key element in magnetic devices. Here, a class of 2D magnets based on metallic chlorides is presented. The magnetic order survives on top of a metallic substrate, even down to the monolayer limit, and can be switched from perpendicular to in-plane by substituting the metal ion from iron to nickel. Using functionalized STM tips as magnetic sensors, local exchange fields are identified, even in the absence of an external magnetic field. Since the compounds are processable by molecular beam epitaxy techniques, they provide a platform with large potential for incorporation into current device technologies.

ALBA Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona 08290 Spain

Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC UPV EHU Donostia San Sebastián 20018 Spain

CIC nanoGUNE BRTA Donostia San Sebastián 20018 Spain

Donostia International Physics Center Donostia San Sebastián 20018 Spain

Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao 48013 Spain

Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Cukrovarnická 10 Prague 16200 Czech Republic

Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111 Villigen CH 5232 Switzerland

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