In recent years, multifunctional nanocarriers that provide simultaneous drug delivery and imaging have attracted enormous attention, especially in cancer treatment. In this research, a biocompatible fluorescent multifunctional nanocarrier is designed for the co-delivery of capsaicin (CPS) and nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) using the pH sensitive amphiphilic block copolymer (poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone), PEtOx-b-PCL). The effects of the critical formulation parameters (the amount of copolymer, the concentration of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a stabilizing agent in the inner aqueous phase, and volume of the inner phase) are evaluated to achieve optimal nanoparticle (NP) properties using Central Composite Design. The optimized NPs demonstrated a desirable size distribution (167.8 ± 1.4 nm) with a negative surface charge (-19.9 ± 0.4) and a suitable loading capacity for CPS (70.80 ± 0.05%). The CPS & N-GQD NPs are found to have remarkable toxicity on human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7). The solid fluorescent signal is acquired from cells containing multifunctional NPs, according to the confocal microscope imaging results, confirming the significant cellular uptake. This research illustrates the enormous potential for cellular imaging and enhanced cancer therapy offered by multifunctional nanocarriers that combine drug substances with the novel fluorescent agents.

Ankara University Graduate School of Health Sciences Dışkapı Ankara 06110 Turkey

Central European Institute of Technology CEITEC Brno University of Technology Brno 61200 Czech Republic

CICA Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía Rúa as Carballeiras Universidade da Coruña A Coruña 15071 Spain

Department of Biotechnology Biotechnology Institute Ankara University Keçiören Ankara 06135 Turkey

Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Letters Piri Reis University Tuzla Istanbul 34940 Turkey

Department of Condensed Matter Physics Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno 61137 Czech Republic

Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy Ankara University Yenimahalle Ankara 06560 Turkey

Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy University of Health Sciences Etlik Ankara 06010 Turkey

Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Ankara University Yenimahalle Ankara 06560 Turkey

Materials Technologies Marmara Research Center TUBITAK Gebze Kocaeli 41470 Turkey

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