Micarea (Ascomycota, Pilocarpaceae) is a large cosmopolitan genus of crustose lichens. We investigated molecular systematics and taxonomy of the poorly known Micareamelaeniza group focussing on M.melaeniza, M.nigella and M.osloensis. A total of 54 new sequences were generated and using Bayesian and maximum likelihood analysis of two markers (nuITS and mtSSU), we discovered two previously unrecognized phylogenetic lineages, one of which is described here as Micareaeurasiatica Kantelinen & G. Thor, sp. nov., morphologically characterized by pycnidia that are sessile to emergent, cylindrically shaped, with greenish-black K+ olive green, wall pigmentation and containing large mesoconidia up to 6 µm in length. The species is known from Japan and Finland. In addition, we show that the reproduction biology of M.osloensis has been poorly understood and that the species often occurs as an anamorph with stipitate pycnidia. We present a species synopsis and notes on pigments. Our research supports previous results of asexuality being an important reproductive strategy of species growing on dead wood.

Botany and Mycology Unit Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki P O Box 7 FI 00014 Helsinki Finland University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland

Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany Zámek 1 252 43 Průhonice Czech Republic Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany Průhonice Czech Republic

Department of Botany Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia CZ 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic

Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences P O Box 7044 SE 750 07 Uppsala Sweden Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden

Museum of Evolution Uppsala University Norbyvägen 16 SE 752 36 Uppsala Sweden Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden

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