Dynamic changes in protein glycosylation impact human health and disease progression. However, current resources that capture disease and phenotype information focus primarily on the macromolecules within the central dogma of molecular biology (DNA, RNA, proteins). To gain a better understanding of organisms, there is a need to capture the functional impact of glycans and glycosylation on biological processes. A workshop titled "Functional impact of glycans and their curation" was held in conjunction with the 16th Annual International Biocuration Conference to discuss ongoing worldwide activities related to glycan function curation. This workshop brought together subject matter experts, tool developers, and biocurators from over 20 projects and bioinformatics resources. Participants discussed four key topics for each of their resources: (i) how they curate glycan function-related data from publications and other sources, (ii) what type of data they would like to acquire, (iii) what data they currently have, and (iv) what standards they use. Their answers contributed input that provided a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art glycan function curation and annotations. This report summarizes the outcome of discussions, including potential solutions and areas where curators, data wranglers, and text mining experts can collaborate to address current gaps in glycan and glycosylation annotations, leveraging each other's work to improve their respective resources and encourage impactful data sharing among resources. Database URL: https://wiki.glygen.org/Glycan_Function_Workshop_2023.

Complex Carbohydrate Research Center University of Georgia 315 Riverbend Rd Athens GA 30602 United States

Copenhagen Center for Glycomics Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen Blegdamsvej 3 Copenhagen DK 2200 Denmark

Database Center for Life Science Joint Support Center for Data Science Research Research Organization of Information and Systems 178 4 4 Wakashiba Kashiwa Chiba 277 0871 Japan

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology Georgetown University 2115 Wisconsin Ave NW Washington DC 20007 United States

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences 2300 1 St NW Washington DC 20052 United States

Department of Chemistry and Hamilton Institute Maynooth University Kilcock Road Maynooth Co Kildare W23 AH3Y Ireland

Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Medicinaregatan 7 B Gothenburg 41390 Sweden

Department of Computer and Information Sciences University of Delaware 18 Amstel Ave Newark DE 19716 United States

Department of Oncology Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Georgetown University Medical Center 3900 Reservior Road NW Washington DC 20007 United States

Department of Population and Public Health Sciences University of Southern California 2001 N Soto Street Los Angeles CA 90032 United States

Department of Surgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center National Center for Functional Glycomics Harvard Medical School 330 Brookline Avenue Boston MA 02215 United States

Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering Biomedical Engineering and Medicine University at Buffalo State University of New York 906 Furnas Hall Buffalo NY 14260 United States

ELI Beamlines Facility The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC Za Radnicí 835 Dolní Břežany 25241 Czech Republic

European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge CB10 1SD United Kingdom

Glycan and Life Systems Integration Center Soka University 1 236 Tangi machi Hachioji Tokyo 192 8577 Japan

IMGT The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System National Center for Scientific Research 141 rue de la Cardonille Montpellier 34 090 France

Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Project La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology 9420 Athena Circle La Jolla CA 92037 United States

Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry UMR 5246 University Lyon 1 CNRS 43 Boulevard du 11 novembre 1918 Villeurbanne cedex F 69622 France

Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry Justus Liebig University Gießen Frankfurter Str 100 Gießen 35392 Germany

Michael Smith Laboratories The University of British Columbia 2185 East Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada

National Center for Biotechnology Information National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda MD 20894 United States

Proteome Informatics Group Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics route de Drize 7 Geneva CH 1227 Switzerland

Swiss Prot Group Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics CMU 1 rue Michel Servet Geneva 4 1211 Switzerland

The Glycosciences Laboratory Imperial College London Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road London W12 0NN United Kingdom

York Structural Biology Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of York Wentworth Way York YO10 5DD United Kingdom

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