Among the three active aldehyde oxidases in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves (AAO1-3), AAO3, which catalyzes the oxidation of abscisic-aldehyde to abscisic-acid, was shown recently to function as a reactive aldehyde detoxifier. Notably, aao2KO mutants exhibited less senescence symptoms and lower aldehyde accumulation, such as acrolein, benzaldehyde, and 4-hydroxyl-2-nonenal (HNE) than in wild-type leaves exposed to UV-C or Rose-Bengal. The effect of AAO2 expression absence on aldehyde detoxification by AAO3 and/or AAO1 was studied by comparing the response of wild-type plants to the response of single-functioning aao1 mutant (aao1S), aao2KO mutants, and single-functioning aao3 mutants (aao3Ss). Notably, aao3Ss exhibited similar aldehyde accumulation and chlorophyll content to aao2KO treated with UV-C or Rose-Bengal. In contrast, wild-type and aao1S exhibited higher aldehyde accumulation that resulted in lower remaining chlorophyll than in aao2KO leaves, indicating that the absence of active AAO2 enhanced AAO3 detoxification activity in aao2KO mutants. In support of this notion, employing abscisic-aldehyde as a specific substrate marker for AAO3 activity revealed enhanced AAO3 activity in aao2KO and aao3Ss leaves compared to wild-type treated with UV-C or Rose-Bengal. The similar abscisic-acid level accumulated in leaves of unstressed or stressed genotypes indicates that aldehyde detoxification by AAO3 is the cause for better stress resistance in aao2KO mutants. Employing the sulfuration process (known to activate aldehyde oxidases) in wild-type, aao2KO, and molybdenum-cofactor sulfurase (aba3-1) mutant plants revealed that the active AAO2 in WT employs sulfuration processes essential for AAO3 activity level, resulting in the lower AAO3 activity in WT than AAO3 activity in aao2KO.

Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW Nowoursynowska 159 Warsaw 02 776 Poland

Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology L N Gumilyov Eurasian National University Astana Kazakhstan

Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben Gurion University of the Negev Sede Boqer Campus Beer Sheva 8499000 Israel

Katif Research Center Sedot Negev Israel

Laboratory of Growth Regulators The Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Experimental Botany Palacky University Slechtitelu 27 Olomouc CZ 78371 Czech Republic

Ministry of Science and Technology Netivot Israel

The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben Gurion University of the Negev Sede Boqer Campus Beer Sheva 8499000 Israel

The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben Gurion University of the Negev Sede Boqer Campus Beer Sheva 8499000 Israel

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Plant J. 2025 Apr;122(2):e70190. doi: 10.1111/tpj.70190. PubMed

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