Despite recent advancements in technology, breast cancer still poses a significant threat, often resulting in fatal consequences. While early detection and treatments have shown some promise, many breast cancer patients continue to struggle with the persistent fear of the disease returning. This fear is valid, as breast cancer cells can lay dormant for years before remerging, evading traditional treatments like a game of hide and seek. The biology of these dormant breast cancer cells presents a crucial yet poorly understood challenge in clinical settings. In this review, we aim to explore the mysterious world of dormant breast cancer cells and their significant impact on patient outcomes and prognosis. We shed light on the elusive role of the G9a enzyme and many other epigenetic factors in breast cancer recurrence, highlighting its potential as a target for eliminating dormant cancer cells and preventing disease relapse. Through this comprehensive review, we not only emphasise the urgency of unravelling the dynamics of dormant breast cancer cells to improve patient outcomes and advance personalised oncology but also provide a guide for fellow researchers. By clearly outlining the clinical and research gaps surrounding dormant breast cancer cells from a molecular perspective, we aim to inspire further exploration of this critical area, ultimately leading to improved patient care and treatment strategies.

Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic

Department of Family Medicine College of Human Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA

Department of Oncology Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Laboratory Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada

Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology College of Medicine University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA

Independent Researcher Uxbridge UB9 6JH UK

Space for Research Initiative Research Horizons London NW10 2PU UK

Zobrazit více v PubMed

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