This paper advocates for considering disgust as a primary emotional system within Panksepp's Affective Neuroscience framework, which has the potential to improve the efficacy of psychotherapy with obsessive-compulsive disorder, hypochondriasis, and emetophobia. In 2007, Toronchuk and Ellis provided comprehensive evidence that DISGUST system, as they defined it, matched all Panksepp's criteria for a primary emotional system. A debate ensued and was not unambiguously resolved. This paper is an attempt to resume this discussion and supplement it with the data that accumulated since then on DISGUST's relationship with the immune system and the role of DISGUST dysregulation in psychopathology. We hope that renewed research interest in DISGUST has the potential to improve clinical efficacy with hard-to-treat conditions.

Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University Boston MA United States

Department of Biomedical Engineering The Falk Center for Molecular Therapeutics Northwestern University Evanston IL United States

Department of Mathematics University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa

Department of Philosophy and History of Science Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czechia

Professional Psychology Program George Washington University Washington DC United States

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