This study provides new insights into the oviposition strategy of Eriogaster catax (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae), an endangered species of moth found in semi-natural habitats within agricultural landscapes. Protected under various European directives and listed as Data Deficient by the IUCN, E. catax inhabits warmer regions of the Western Palearctic. Despite noted geographic variations in its ecological preferences, few studies have statistically significant data on its ecology. Our six-year study, conducted within the largest known population of E. catax. in Romania, reveals critical data on its oviposition preferences, including the species' tendency to utilize Prunus spinosa L. and Crataegus monogyna Jacq. shrubs at an average height of 80.48 ± 34.3 cm, with most nests placed within the 41-80 cm range and containing an average of 186 ± 22 eggs. The study also addresses the species' vulnerability to human activities such as bush trimming, agricultural burning, and uncontrolled grazing, particularly due to its low oviposition height. These findings underscore the negative impact of overgrazing and burning practices, particularly when conducted on a large scale, on the conservation of E. catax. The detailed ecological requirements identified in this study are essential for developing effective conservation strategies and habitat management practices. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of local community involvement and public education in raising awareness about biodiversity and the conservation of endangered species.

Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Branišovská 31 370 05 České Budějovice Czech Republic

Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj Napoca 23 Iuliu Moldovan 400378 Cluj Napoca Romania

Department of Cluj Emil Racovita Institute of Speleology Clinicilor 5 400006 Cluj Napoca Romania

Department of Forest Ecology Mendel University in Brno Zemědělská 1 613 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Forestry and Environmental Protection Stefan cel Mare University 720229 Suceava Romania

Department of Fundamental Sciences Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj Napoca 3 5 Calea Mănăştur 400372 Cluj Napoca Romania

Department of Taxonomy and Ecology Babes Bolyai University 5 7 Clinicilor 400006 Cluj Napoca Romania

Doctoral School Education Reflection Development Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences Babes Bolyai University 7 Sindicatelor Street 400029 Cluj Napoca Romania

Museum of the Moravian Wallachia Region Horní náměstí 2 755 01 Vsetín Czech Republic

Zoological Museum Babes Bolyai University 5 7 Clinicilor 400006 Cluj Napoca Romania

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