This study investigates how cocoa rootstocks respond to flooding and post-flooding conditions, offering insights for cocoa plantation sustainability in flood-prone areas due to climate change. We studied Theobroma cacao L. rootstocks for 60 d of flooding and 30 d post-flooding, grafting PS-1319 scions onto five rootstocks (TSH-1188, Cepec-2002, Pará, Esfip-02, SJ-02). Photochemical performance remained stable across rootstocks, while flooding progressively reduced electron transport efficiency. Photochemical damage emerged after 7 d, worsening occurred at 19 d. Although post-flooding efficiency improved, recovery time was insufficient for full restoration. Stem diameter increased less in Esfip-02. TSH-1188 had the highest stem dry mass during flooding and the most root and total dry mass during post-flooding. SJ-02 had the lowest stem dry mass and post-flooding total dry mass. Principal component analysis revealed stem and root development as a key for recovery. SJ-02 and Esfip-02 showed lower flooding tolerance and recovery, while TSH-1188 and Pará exhibited higher resilience.

Centro de Pesquisa Desenvolvimento e Inovação Norte Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural Linhares Espírito Santo Brazil

Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira Linhares Espírito Santo Brazil

Instituto de Ciências da Natureza Universidade Federal de Alfenas Alfenas Minas Gerais Brazil

Post graduation Program in Plant Biology Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais Vitória Espírito Santo Brazil

Post graduation Program in Tropical Agriculture Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo São Mateus Espírito Santo Brazil

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